Gerund and Gerundives

Question 1

What is the Gerundive?

Answer 1

1. Verbal adjective
2. used when there is an object
3. Future passive participle

e.g.,
cupido montis ascendi = a desire of climbing the mountain.

Question 2

What is the Gerund?

Answer 2

1. neuter noun
2. used when there isn’t an object

e.g.,
mihi est amor scribendi
i have a lot of writing.

Question 3

How to form the Gerundive?

Answer 3

Gerundive?

1. 2nd p.p - remove the re = amare - ama
2. • nd
3. • us/a/um = singular adjectival ending (2nd and 1st declension)

amandus

Question 4

How to form the Gerund?

Answer 4

Gerund:

1. 2nd pp + remove re
2. • nd
3. add neuter, noun, 1+2nd declension ending: um/um/i/o/o

Question 5

what prepositions show purpose with gerunds and gerundives?

Answer 5

ad + accusative

gentiive + gratia

gentiive + causia

e.g., vivis non ad deponedam sed ad confirmandam auddiciam =

you live not for setting aside but for strengthening your boldness.

Question 6

When Ablatives are used in gerundives and gerunds, what does this mean?

Answer 6

Ablative:

1. instrumental:
   in laudo et in vituprando : in praising and in blaming
2. manner, means, cause etc:
   multa pollicendo persuadet = in persuading them by promosing many things
3. comparative adjectives:
   nulium officium referenda gratia magis necessaitium est =
   No duty is more necessary than repaying kindness

Question 7

What does est express when paired with gerundives?

Answer 7

Necessity or obligation. When paired with est, it forms the passive periphrastic construction, indicating that something must be done.

Example:

Liber legendus est.
“The book must be read.”

Question 8

When the gerund is paired with the genitive case, what does this denote?

Answer 8

An objective:

neque consoli habendi neque arma capiendi spatio dato:

with a bit of time given neither for forming a plan nor for grabbing weapons.