gestational pathology

Question 1

most common cause of miscarriage (especially)

Answer 1

chromosomal abnormalities, especially trisomy 16

Question 2

general cause of pregnancy loss:

0-12 weeks, 13-19 weeks, 20-24 weeks, over 25 weeks

Answer 2

0-12: chromosomal
13-19: organ specific ab
20-24: inflammatory
over 25: placental d/o

Question 3

timeframe when teratogen exposure will cause organ malformation

Answer 3

weeks 3-8

Question 4

timeframe when teratogen exposure will cause spontaneous abortion

Answer 4

weeks 1-2

Question 5

timeframe when teratogen exposure will cause organ hypoplasia

Answer 5

months 3-9

Question 6

teratogen that is the most common cause of mental retardation

Answer 6

alcohol

Question 7

teratogenic effects of isotretinoin (3)

Answer 7

spont abortion, cleft lip/palate, hearing/visual impairment

Question 8

teratogenic effects of phenytoin

Answer 8

digit hypoplasia, cleft lip/palate

Question 9

teratogenic effect of cyclopamide

Answer 9

cycloplegia

Question 10

immune mediated hydrous is secondary to-

Answer 10

Rh incompatability

Question 11

placenta previa presents with

Answer 11

painless 3rd trimester bleeding

Question 12

placental abruption presents with

Answer 12

painful 3rd trimester bleeding

Question 13

placenta accreta presents with

Answer 13

difficulty delivering placenta after birth, post part bleeding

Question 14

triad of pre-eclampsia

Answer 14

PIH, edema, proteinuria

Question 15

pre-eclampsia occurs due to defects (2)

Answer 15

defects in maternal-fetal vascular interface and endothelial dysfunction

Question 16

complications of pre-eclampsia that warrant immediate delivery

Answer 16

eclampsia- seizures

HELLP- hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets

Question 17

characteristic RBC finding in parvo B19

Answer 17

RBC inclusions

Question 18

characteristic finding in CMV

Answer 18

owl’s eye inclusions

Question 19

complete mole forms by

Answer 19

fertilization of empty egg by 2 sperm

Question 20

complete mole ploidy

Answer 20

46, all paternal

Question 21

presentation of complete mole

Answer 21

passing grape-like masses in 2nd trimester

Question 22

US of complete mole

Answer 22

snow storm, no fetal parts

Question 23

partial mole forms by

Answer 23

fertilization of normal egg by 2 sperm

Question 24

partial mole ploidy

Answer 24

69

Question 25

bHCG findings in complete vs partial mole

Answer 25

complete- high | partial- normal or low

Question 26

followup after mole

Answer 26

serial bHCG x 1 year to assess for development of choriocarcinoma

Question 27

dichorionic, diamniotic, fused placenta

Answer 27

separated at 1-3 days (morula)

Question 28

monochorionic, diamniotic, fused placenta

Answer 28

separated at 4-8 days (blastula)

Question 29

monochorionic, monoamniotic, fused placenta

Answer 29

separated at days 8-13 (implanted blastocyst)

Question 30

twins that separate at what stage are at risk for being conjoined?

Answer 30

development of bilaminar disc (days 13-15)

Question 31

which type of twins are at risk for twin-twin transfusion syndrome?

Answer 31

Monochorionic diamniotic fused placenta

Question 32

which type of twins are at risk for cord abnormalities

Answer 32

monochorionic monoamnionic fused placenta

Question 33

malformation

Answer 33

primary defect in morphogenesis

Question 34

disruption

Answer 34

secondary disruption of normal functioning

Question 35

deformation

Answer 35

external disturbance

Question 36

sequence

Answer 36

multiple anomalies that develop from a single aberration

Question 37

malformation syndrome

Answer 37

mutliple anomalies that cannot be explained by a single aberration

Question 38

association

Answer 38

nonrandom occurrence of multiple anomalies that are not genetically linked

Question 39

hormone detected in large amounts with placental site trophoblastic tumor

Answer 39

human placental lactogen