renal neoplasia

Question 1

angiomyolipoma, association

Answer 1

hamartoma, assoc with tuberus sclerosis

Question 2

RCC is a tumor of-

Answer 2

kidney tubules

Question 3

classic triad of RCC

Answer 3

flank pain, hematuria, mass

Question 4

most common presenting symptom of RCC

Answer 4

hematuria

Question 5

5 paraneoplastic syndromes of RCC

Answer 5

epo- polycythemia
PTHrp- hypercalcemia
ACTH- Cushing
renin- HTN
left varicocele

Question 6

most common histologic type of RCC

Answer 6

clear cell

Question 7

pathogenesis of clear cell RCC

Answer 7

loss of VHL (3p) = increased IGF-1 = increased HIF = increased VEGF

Question 8

sporadic clear cell RCC

Answer 8

older males, solitary mass, smoking

Question 9

hereditary clear cell RCC

Answer 9

von hippel lindau- also hemagioblastoma of the cerebellum

Question 10

gene associated with papillary RCC

Answer 10

MET

Question 11

3 cell types in a Wilm’s tumor

Answer 11

blastema
primitive tubules
stroma

Question 12

presentation of Wilm’s tumor

Answer 12

unilateral mass, hematuria, HTN

Question 13

3 syndromes assoc with Wilm’s tumor

Answer 13

WAGR
Denys-Drash
Beckwith-Wiedeman

Question 14

WAGR (symptoms, gene)

Answer 14

wilm’s, aniridia, genital abnormalities, retardation

WT1

Question 15

Denys-Drash (symptoms, gene)

Answer 15

wilm’s, glomerular disease, male pseudohermaphroditism, WT1

Question 16

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (symptoms, gene)

Answer 16

wilm’s, neonatal hypoglycemia, hemihypertrophy, organomegaly, WT2

Question 17

where is WT1? WT2?

Answer 17

WT1- 11p13

WT2- 11p15.5

Question 18

risk factors for urothelial carcinoma (4)

Answer 18

smoking*, naphthylene exposure, cyclophosphamide, azo dyes

Question 19

presentation of urothelial carcinoma

Answer 19

painless hematuria

Question 20

flat type vs papillary type

Answer 20

flat- high grade flat tumor, early p53 must

papillary- low grade, then high, no early p53

Question 21

3 things that cause SCC of the bladder

Answer 21

chronic cystitis (old female)
Schistosoma hematobium (egyptian male)
long standing kidney stones

Question 22

3 things that cause adenocarcinoma of the bladder

Answer 22

urachal remnant
bladder exostrophy
cystitis glandularis