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Flashcards in GHC Ch 4 Deck (35)
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1
Q

Has the past decade has brought a staggering number of mega-killer Earthquakes?

A

Yes!

2
Q

What happens at divergent plate boundaries?

A

Divergent motion causes rocks to fail easily in tension

3
Q

Earthquakes are typically big or small?

A

small and generally non-threatening

4
Q

What happens at transform plate boundaries?

A

Plates slide past each other in horizontal movement

5
Q

How is the energy required to move transform plates released?

A

as large earthquakes

6
Q

What happens at convergent plate boundaries?

A

Great amounts of energy are required to pull a plate back into the mantle or push continents together

7
Q

Largest earthquakes are generated at what type of boundaries?

A

convergent boundaries

8
Q

What are the three types of boundaries?

A

Divergent, transform, and convergent

9
Q

Where does a plate slide past another plate?

A

transform faults

10
Q

Where does the Pacific plate subduct?

A

Subducts along northern and western edges

11
Q

Why is Iceland interesting, relative to plate tectonics?

A

It is a volcanic island fed by hot spot along the mid-Atlantic ridge

12
Q

What type of earthquakes occur in Iceland?

A

Swarms of moderate earthquakes too small to destroy buildings or kill people

13
Q

What type of plate boundary is at the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden

A

Young spreading center, new ocean basin

14
Q

East African Rift Valley may someday do what?

A

split ‘Somali’ plate from African plate

15
Q

What type of plate boundary underlies the Gulf of California, which extends north into U.S., including Salton Sea, Coachella and Imperial Valleys.

A

Spreading center

16
Q

What are the three types of convergence?

A

Ocean-ocean, Ocean-continent, Continent-continent

17
Q

Ocean-ocean

A

older, denser oceanic plate is subducted

18
Q

Ocean-continent

A

oceanic plate is subducted

19
Q

Continent-continent

A

both plates are too buoyant to be subducted; continental upheaval results

20
Q

Are earthquakes at subduction zones shallow or deep?

A

shallow

21
Q

How do plates move in earthquakes at subduction zones?

A

Compressive movements of overriding plate and subducting plate

22
Q

Earthquakes at what plate boundaries are most damaging?

A

subduction zones

23
Q

Seismic-Gap Method

A

If some segments of a fault have moved recently, it is reasonable to expect that unmoved portions will move next, to fill the gaps

24
Q

Japan, 2011

A

9.0 quake and tsunami

25
Q

The Indonesia 2004 earthquake is an example of what?

A

One Earthquake Triggers Others

26
Q

The Mexico City 1985 earthquake is an example of what?

A

Long-Distance Destruction, and Earthquakes Don’t Kill, Buildings Do, and Resonance Matters

27
Q

Where was Earth’s biggest measured earthquake?

A

Chile, 1960

28
Q

The Good Friday Earthquake, Alaska, 1964, is an example of what?

A

Subduction of Pacific plate under Alaska creates truly large earthquakes

29
Q

Where is ‘The Upcoming Earthquake’?

A

Pacific Northwest

30
Q

Where was the last major earthquake in Pacific Northwest? Magnitude?

A

1700, 9

31
Q

What is an example of continent-continent collisions?

A

India has moved 2,000 km north into Asia since initial contact

32
Q

Where was the deadliest earthquake in history?

A

China, 1556

33
Q

Why was the China 1556 he deadliest earthquake in history?

A

Soft soil (with little cohesion) made caves practical homes, but shaking caused ground and caves to collapse

34
Q

What was to blame for the excessive deaths in the Haitian earthquake, 2010?

A

Bad construction practices and inferior building materials. Earthquakes don’t kill, buildings do.

35
Q

What happened to buildings in the earthquakes in Turkey, 1999?

A

Residential buildings on soft ground, adding sand to concrete resulted in buildings collapsing during shaking