Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pediatrics > GI- 10% > Flashcards

GI- 10% Flashcards

(85 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

what age group is appendicitis MC in

A

10-30yo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is duodenal atresia commonly associated with

A

down syndrome

polyhydramnios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are the first signs of duodenal atresia

A

abd distention + BILIOUS vomiting shortly after birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what do you see on an AXR of a pt w duodenal atresia

A

double bubble sign- distended duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

tx of duodenal atresia

A

decompress GI tract, lytes + fluids, surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is esophageal atresia commonly associated w

A

TEF

polyhydramnios

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

dx of esophageal atresia

A

NG tube + CXR (10-15cm down)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what type of contrast should be used in fluoroscopy for pt with esophageal atresia

A

water-soluble
should be removed promptly
no barium- caustic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the normal timeline for GER in newborns

A

start 2-3wks s/p birth
peaks 4-5mo
most improve completely by 9-12mo

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what 2 factors contribute to GER in newborns

A

underdeveloped LES

lower diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

tx of GER

A

burping, hold upright x30min s/p feeds
thicken formula w infant cereal
if feeding problems/severe sx- antacids, PPIs, H2 antagonists

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

why is PPI use limited in newborns with GERD

A

decreased calcium + magnesium absorption
problems w bone metabolism
inc GI infxns
acute interstitial nephritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what types of hepatitis can develop into chronic hepatitis (>6mo)

A

B C D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

hep A transmission

A

fecal-oral route

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

hep A presentation

A 
less severe in kids
prodromal phase (fever) --> icteric phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

diagnosis of acute vs recovered hep a

A

acute- IgM

past exposure- IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

prognosis of hep A

A

self-limiting, usu recover w.i wks

mortality is low, fulminant hep uncommon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

hep B transmission

A

blood, sex, perinatal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

HBsAg

A

surface antigen

only positive in acute or chronic (infxn present)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

HBsAb

A

surface antibody
only positive if immunized or resolved infxn
not in current infxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

HBcAb

A

core antibody
IgM (acute)
IgG (chronic or resolved)
NEVER present in immunized

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

HBeAg

A

envelope antigen

in acute or chronic replicative (inc infectivity, higher chance of developing chronic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

HBeAb

A

envelope antibody

only in chronic non replicative (dec infectivity)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

HBV DNA

A

active replication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
tx of acute HBV
supportive
26
tx of chronic HBV
alpha-interferon 2b, lamivudine, adefovir, tenofovir, entecavir
27
HBV vaccine is CI if...
allergic to bakers yeast
28
hepatitis E transmission
fecal-oral route, waterborne, pigs (raw meat)
29
tx of hep e
none- self-limiting
30
who has the highest mortality rate when infected w hep e
3rd trimester pregnant moms - inc risk of fulminant
31
hirschprungs disease patho
congenital absence of ganglion cells d/t neural crest migration failure --> functional obstruction d/t failure of relaxation
32
where is hirschsprungs MC
distal colon + rectum
33
when should meconium be passed
w.i 48hrs
34
hirschsprungs presentation
no mec in 48hrs bilious vomiting abd distention FTT
35
hirschsprungs dz can lead to what
enterocolotiis- V/D, signs of toxic megacolon
36
hirschsprungs screening test
elevated pressure (anorectal manometry)
37
what can be see on contrast enema in pt w hirschsprungs
transition zone- caliber changes
38
what do you see on AXR in pt w hirschsprungs
dec or absent air in rectum, dilated bowel loops | NONSPECIFIC
39
what is the definitive diagnostic for hirschsprungs
rectal bx
40
what is the treatment for hirschsprungs
surgery
41
in what populations is hirschsprungs more common
males | down syndrome
42
indirect vs direct inguinal hernia causes
indirect- congenital patent process vaginalis | direct- weak floor of inguinal canal
43
where are indirect vs direct inguinal hernias located
indirect- lateral to inferior epigastric artery | direct- medial
44
which type of inguinal hernia is MC in young kids
indirect
45
how do you tell the difference btw strangulated and incarcerated inguinal hernia
incarcerated- painful + irreducible, +/- n/v | strangulated- systemic toxicity, ischemia
46
tx of inguinal hernia
surgery | emergent if strangulated
47
what is hesselbachs triangle
``` RIP rectus abdominus (medial), epigastric vessels (lateral), poupart's ligament (inferior) ```
48
when is intussusception MC
males, 6-18mo
49
where is intussusception MC
ileocolic jxn
50
what are lead points for intussusception
``` meckel diverticulum enlarged mesenteric LN hyperplasia of peyer's patches benign/malignant tumor submucosal hematoma (HSP) foreign body ```
51
triad of sx of intussusception
vomiting, colicky abd pain, blood in stool (currant jelly) | +/-lethargy
52
what is dance's sign
in intussusception- sausage-shaped mass in RUQ/hypochondrium + empty RLQ
53
dx of intussusception + tx
barium contrast enema (dx + tx), air insufflation hydrate +/- surgery
54
if bili is increased w/o increased LFTs what should you suspect
familial bili disorder
55
path of dubin-johnson vs crigler-najjar syndromes
both hereditary DJ- conjugated (direct) hyperbili d/t decreased hepatocyte excretion CN- unconjugated (indirect) hyperbili d/t UGT deficiency
56
what is UGT
glucuronosyltransferase - enzyme converts indirect bili --> direct bili for excretion
57
type I vs type II crigler-najjar syndrome
``` type I- no UGT (more severe) type II (arias syndrome)- very little UGT ```
58
presentation of dubin-johnson vs crigler-najjar (I+II) syndromes
DJ- usu asx; may have mild icterus + constitutional sx CN I- neonatal jaundice w severe progression in 2nd week --> kernicterus --> hypotonia, deaf, lethargic, oculomotor palsy; death usu by 15mo CN II- usu asx
59
diagnosis of dubin-johnson vs crigler-najjar syndromes
DJ- inc direct, dark liver!!! (on bx), normal LFTs | CN- inc indirect, normal LFTs
60
how can you tell between crigler-najjar type I + II
bili >20 = type I
61
dubin johnson tx
none needed
62
crigler-najjar tx
type I- phototx, plasmapheresis if acute elevation, liver transplant (definitive) type II- usu none needed, can use phenobarbital to inc UGT
63
lactose intolerance patho
intolerance to milk sugar (lactose) | transient after gastroenteritis or in kids w celiac dz d/t vilous atrophy (dec lactose in brush border)
64
lactose intolerance sx
``` inc gas, abd distention watery diarrhea (non-bloody, non-mucous) ```
65
test of choice for lactose intolerance
hydrogen breath test - positive = LI
66
what type of diets are likely to cause niacin deficiency
high in corn
67
what is niacin
B3
68
sx of niacin deficiency
pellagra (3Ds- diarrhea, dementia, dermatitis)
69
what age + gender is most likely to develop pyloric stenosis
3-6wks old (rare after 12wks) | males
70
sx of pyloric stenosis
projectile NONBILIOUS vomiting after feeds w hunger right after palpable pyloric olive poor wt gain visible peristaltic waves
71
what is the preferred imaging for pyloric stenosis
ultrasound- thickened stomach muscle
72
what is the caterpillar sign
seen in pyloric stenosis on KUB- distended hypertrophic stomach
73
tx of pyloric stenosis
pyloromyotomy | fluid resuscitation PRN
74
umbilical hernia patho + tx
failure of fibromuscular ring closure | surgery if >5yo
75
vitamin A functions
``` vision immune embryo development hematopoiesis skin + cell health ```
76
sources of vitamin A
kidney, liver, egg yolk, butter, green leafy veggies
77
sx of vitamin A deficiency
vision- night blindness, xeropthlamia impaired immunity (poor healing), dry skin, poor growth, taste loss, squamous metaplasia (conjunctiva, respiratory epithelium, urinary tract) bitot's spots
78
what are bitot's spots
in vit a def: white spots on conjunctiva D/T squamous metaplasia of corneal epithelium
79
excess vit a can cause
teratogenic, alopecia, ataxia, visual changes, skin disorders, hepatotox
80
vitamin C sources
raw citrus, green veggies
81
sx of vitamin C deficiency
scurvy! - 3 Hs = hyperkeratosis (follicular papillose surrounded by hemorrhage), hemorrhage (vascular fragility, recurrent bleeding in gums, skin, joints, impaired healing), hematologic (anemia, glossitis, malaise, weakness, inc bleeding time)
82
sources of vitamin D
fortified milk + sun | babies get from mom if breast fed, formula supplemented
83
sx of vitamin d def
rickets (kids) | osteomalacia (adults)
84
tx for vit d deficiency
ergocalciferol
85
rickets
softening of bones, bowing of limbs, fxs, costochondral thickening (rachitic rosary), dental problems, music weakness, development delays

Pediatrics (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions