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infectious disease- 12% Flashcards

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1
Q

where is the MC pathogen that causes mycobacterium avium (MAC) complex found

A

M.avium; soil + water

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2
Q

what are the sx of MAC

A

rarely sx unless immunocompromised

lymphadenitis in kids- cervical + submandibular/maxillary

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3
Q

dx of MAC

A

acid fast bacillus stain + cx

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4
Q

tx of MAC

A

clarithro + ethambutol x12mo

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5
Q

what causes leprosy

A

LONG EXPOSURE to M.leprae- affects superficial tissues (esp skin + peripheral nerves)

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6
Q

where is M.leprae endemic

A

tropical areas

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7
Q

incubation period for M.leprae

A

months - 20-50yrs

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8
Q

presentations of leprosy

A

lepromatous
tuberculoid
mononeuritis multiplex

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9
Q

lepromatous disease

A

nodular, plaque or papular skin lesions (lepromas) w poorly defined borders, loss of eyebrows/eyelashes
symmetric nerve involvement (sensation preserved)

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10
Q

tuberculoid disease

A

limited; sharply demarcated hypo pigmented macular lesions numb to touch

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11
Q

mononeuritis multiplex disease

A

nerve damage:
clawing- median n + ulnar n
foot drop- common peroneal n
vibratory + proprioception preserved

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12
Q

what organisms cause pinworms

A

enterobius vermicularis

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13
Q

how are pinworms transmitted

A

feco-oral

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14
Q

dx of pinworms

A

scotch tape test in early AM

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15
Q

tx of pinworms

A

albendazole, mebendazole, pyrantel (2nd line); no tx in kids <2yo

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16
Q

what is EBV and how is it transmitted

A

HHV-4

saliva

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17
Q

what does EBV do

A

infects B cells

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18
Q

what type of cancer is EBV associated with

A

hodgkin lymphoma, burkitt’s lymphoma

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19
Q

who MC gets EBV

A

15-25yo

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20
Q

what are the sx of EBV

A 
fever
sore throat
post cervical LAD
malaise + myalgias
spleno/hepatomegaly
petechial rash (esp if given ampicillin)
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21
Q

how do you dx EBV

A

heterophile (monospot) Ab test
peripheral smear
inc LFTs

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22
Q

how long after infxn is monospot/heterophile Ab test positive for

A

up to 4wks

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23
Q

what is seen on peripheral smear of pt w EBV

A

> 50% lymphocytes w >10 atypical

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24
Q

how long should someone w EBV + splenomegaly avoid sports

A

1mo

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25
what causes erythema infectiosum
fifth disease- parvovirus B19
26
how is parvovirus B19 transmitted
resp droplets
27
how long is the IP for parvovirus B19
4-14 days
28
in what age group is erythema infectiosum most common
<10yo
29
sx of erythema infectiosum
coryza, fever --> slapped check w circumoral pallor --> lacy reticular rash on extremities that spares palms/soles arthralgia
30
how long does the slapped cheek rash last
2-4 days
31
tx of erythema infectiosum
supportive, resolves in 2-3wks
32
which pts with erythema infectiosum are at risk for aplastic crisis
sickle cell | G6PD deficiency
33
what is acute herpetic gingivostomatitis
1ry HSV infxn in kids- sudden onset of fever, anorexia --> gingivitis, vesicles in mouth, tongue + lips --> gray/yellow lesions
34
MC cause of encephalitis
HSV
35
tx of HSV
acyclovir
36
what is the most sensitive test for HSV
PCR
37
what type of virus is influenza
orthomyxovirus
38
which is worse- influenza A or B
A- more extensive + severe outbreaks
39
transmission of influenza
airborne
40
when do you give antivirals to flu pts and what are they
if high risk of complications or w.i 48hrs oseltamivir/tamiflu (PO)
41
when is flu vaccine CI
egg allergy | h/o GB/severe allergic rxn
42
what causes mumps and how is it spread
paramyxovirus - respiratory droplets
43
what is the incubation period for paramyxovirus
12-14 days
44
when is a pt with mumps infectious
2 days before + 9 days s/p parotid swelling onset
45
sx of mumps
low grade fever, myalgias, headache --> parotid gland swelling
46
what are the complications of mumps
orchitis, acute pancreatitis | MC in older pts
47
what might you see on labs in a pt w mumps
increased amylase
48
how long does mumps last
7-10 days
49
what causes roseola and how is it spread
HHV-6 or 7 | respiratory droplets
50
how long is the IP for roseola
10 days
51
who MC gets roseola
<5yo
52
what is the presentation of roseola
prodrome high fever for 3-5 days --> fever breaks --> rose, pink maculopapular, blanchable rash on trunk/back --> face
53
how long does rash in roseola last
1-2 days
54
what causes rubella and how is it transmitted
``` rubella virus (togavirus) respiratory droplets ```
55
what is the incubation period of rubella
2-3wks
56
what is the presentation of rubella
low-grade fever, cough, anorexia, LAD (post cervical + auricular) --> pink, light-red spotted maculopapular rash on face --> extremities forcheimer spots transient photosensitivity + joint pain
57
what is the only childhood exanthem that starts on the trunk
roseola
58
MC diagnostic tool for rubella
immunoassay (IgM)
59
what can contracting during pregnancy cause
``` esp bad in 1st trimester congenital syndromes sensorineural deafness cataracts TTP (blueberry muffin rash) mental retardation heart defects (TORCH) ```
60
what causes measles, how is it spread and what is the incubation period
rubeola virus- paramyxovirus respiratory droplets 10-12 days
61
prodrome of measles
URI prodrome- high fever, 3 Cs (cough, coryza, conjunctivitis) --> koplik spots precedes rash by 24-48h, lasts 2 days
62
what is the rash of measles like
morbiliform brick-red rash on face beginning at hairline --> extremities darkens + coalesces (lasts 7 days)
63
how does the measles rash go away
7 days | fades from top to bottom
64
what role does vitamin A play in measles tx
reduces mortality in ALL kids
65
complications of measles
``` diarrhea OM pneumonia conjunctivitis encephalitis ```
66
what causes varicella, how is it spread and what is the incubation period
HHV-3, respiratory droplets, 10-20 days
67
presentation of chicken pox (varicella)
fever, malaise, clustered PRURITIC vesicles on erythematous base in DIFFERENT STAGES starts on trunk/face --> extremities
68
complications of varicella
bacterial infxn encephalitis GB syndrome
69
what kind of virus is coxsackie
enterovirus
70
how is coxsackie transmitted
feco-oral + oral-oral
71
what can both coxsackie A + B cause
aseptic meningitis rash common cold sx
72
what is hand-foot-mouth disease and how does it present
coxsackie mild fever, URI, dec appetite --> oral vesicular lesions w erythematous haloes --> exanthem (vesicular macular or maculopapular lesions on distal extremities)
73
when is coxsackie most common
late summer/fall
74
what is herpangina and what causes it
coxsackie- type A sudden onset high fevers, stomatitis, sore throat lasting 3-5 days
75
what is the MC viral cause of pericarditis + myocarditis
coxsackie type B
76
what organism causes pertussis and how long is the IP
bordatella pertussis | 7-10 days
77
in what age group is pertussis MC
<2yo
78
what are the 3 phases of pertussis + how long do they last + which is the most contagious
catarrhal 1-2wks; MOST CONTAGIOUS paroxysmal 2-4wks convalescent up to 6wks
79
what happens in the catarrhal phase of pertussis
URI sx for 1-2wks
80
what happens in the paroxysmal phase of pertussis
severe coughing fits w inspiratory whooping sound +/- post-jussive emesis lasts 2-4wks
81
what happens in the convalescent phase of pertussis
resolution of cough | lasts up to 6wks
82
what causes scarlet fever
Type IV hypersensitivity rxn to pyrogenic GABHS infection
83
presentation of scarlet fever
fever, chills, pharyngitis diffuse erythema that blanches w pressure small papules (sandpaper rash) starting in groin/axillae --> trunk + extremities (spares soles/palms) rash desquamates over time flushed face w circumpolar pallor + strawberry tongue pastias lines
84
what are pastias lines
linear petechial lesions @ pressure points
85
tx of scarlet fever
pen G or Vk (1st line) macrocodes if PCN allergic clinda or CPNs
86
when can pt w scarlet fever go back to school
24hrs s/p abx initiation

Pediatrics (9 decks)

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