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GI Flashcards

(103 cards)

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1
Q

What condition is known as aganglionic megacolon?

A

Hirschprung’s

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2
Q

What condition is known as bowel telescoping?

A

intussusception

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3
Q

What condition is characterized by the narrowing of the pyloris?

A

pyloric stenosis

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4
Q

What GI condition presents with bile-colored emesis?

A

bowel obstruction

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5
Q

What condition presents with painless rectal bleeding?

A

Meckel’s Diverticulum

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6
Q

The gold standard diagnostic test for Meckel’s Diverticulum is a?

A

Meckel’s scan

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7
Q

What acid/base imbalance do children with pyloric stenosis present with?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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8
Q

Hirschprungs primarily occurs in ____ _____

A

male neonates

*may also present later in life

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9
Q

In the neonatal periods, Hirschprungs is characterized by the delayed passage of?

A

meconium

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10
Q

Physical examination of a child with Hirschprungs includes the palpation of a ____ ____ in the ______

A

fecal mass in the LLQ

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11
Q

The gold standard diagnostic test for Hirschprungs is a?

A

rectal biopsy

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12
Q

What is the most frequent cause of intestinal obstruction in the first two years of life?

A

intussusception

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13
Q

Children with intussusception often present with ____ ____ stools that are ___ ___ in color

A

currant jelly stools that are dark red in color

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14
Q

Parents may say that their child with intussusception often feeds ___ with in-between ____ and _____

A

well with in between irritability and emesis

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15
Q

Clinical examination of a child with intussusception includes the palpation of a ____ ____ mass in the _____

A

sausage-shaped mass in the RUQ

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16
Q

The gold standard diagnostic test for Intussusception is an ____ with b_____ a____ c____ e____

A

US
barium air contrast enema

*Ensure to have surgery on board

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17
Q

Pyloric stenosis most often occurs within the first ____weeks of life

A

8 weeks

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18
Q

In what condition are infants eager to eat, eat frequently, but experience no weight gain?

A

pyloric stenosis

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19
Q

The clinical presentation of an infant with pyloric stenosis includes
____ baby, feeding ____
n_____ p____ v_____
weight ____ and some degree of ____

A

Happy baby feeding well
non-bilious projectile vomiting
weight loss and some degree of dehydration

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20
Q

Physical examination of an infant with pyloric stenosis includes the palpation of an ___-shaped ____ in the ___ ____ abdominal area

A

olive-shaped mass
in the mid epigastric

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21
Q

Infants with pyloric stenosis may display gastric ____ ____ upon the visual abdominal assessment

A

peristaltic waves

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22
Q

What is the gold standard test for pyloric stenosis?

A

abdominal US

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23
Q

Treatment for an infant with pyloric stenosis includes
stabilizing ______
r______
and scheduling an ____ _____ ____

A

electrolytes
rehydrating
open laparoscopic surgery

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24
Q

Appendicitis is more common in what age group?

A

adolescents and teenagers

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25
The clinical presentation of children with appendicitis includes p____ p____ which migrates to the __ and on/off f_____
periumbilical pain which migrates to the RLQ and on/off fever *males may c/o testicular pain
26
McBurney's point is characterized by?
RLQ pain
27
Psoas sign is elicited by?
pain while flexing the right thigh backwards while child is laying on left side
28
obturator sign is elicited by?
pain on internal rotation of hip when right knee flexed
29
The gold standard diagnostic test for appendicitis is an?
abdominal CT
30
Midgut malrotation/volvulus occurs within the first _____ of life
year *may be congenital
31
Infants with midgut malrotation/volvulus will have b_____ o_____ and b____ e______
bowel obstruction and bilious emesis
32
50% of infants with malrotation/volvulus will have ___ of the colon
twisting
33
The gold standard diagnostic test for an infant with malrotation/volvulus is?
Abdominal CT
34
What acid/base imbalance is indicative of bowel obstruction?
metabolic acidosis
35
What surgery corrects malrotation/volvulus?
Ladd procedure
36
Toxic megacolon occurs most often in kids with i____ b____ d____
inflammatory bowel disease
37
Children with toxic megacolon will present with f____ abdominal _______ p_____ increased w_____ decreased p____ and a_____
fever abdominal distension pain increased WBC decreased potassium and albumin
38
Toxic megacolon is characterized by ____ of the colon
dilation
39
Diagnostic studies for toxic megacolon include obtaining an abdominal ____, a ___ and ____
x-ray CBC CMP
40
Toxic megacolon management includes a____ f____ and as a last resort c_____
antibiotics fluids colectomy
41
The most common reason for bowel perforation in neonates is?
NEC
42
NEC is considered a surgical emergency due to b___ w___ r____
bowel wall rupture
43
Initial NEC diagnostic study includes an?
xray
44
An x-ray showing NEC will display a___ in the a____ c____
air in the abdominal cavity
45
The confirmatory diagnostic test for NEC is via?
CT
46
An infant with NEC will present with a___ increased w_____ and b____ e_____
acidosis increased WBC bilious emesis
47
NEC treatment includes s____, a____ and f_____
surgery, antibiotics, fluids
48
NEC complications include b____, i____, and a_____
bleeding, infection, abscess
49
Meckel's Diverticulum is most commonly seen in kids betwen ___-____ YOA
2-4
50
Children with Meckel's Diverticulum often present with P_____ r____ b_____
painless rectal bleeding
51
The gold standard diagnostic test for Meckel's Diverticulum is?
Meckel's Scan
52
Meckel's Diverticulum is treated with?
surgery
53
In what condition does the large intestine have ulceration and inflammation?
ulcerative colitis
54
Ulcerative colitis presents most often in what age group?
teens and young adults
55
S/S of ulcerative colitis includes R___ u____ b____ t_____
rectal urgency bleeding tenesmus (feel the need to pass stools)
56
Patients with Ulcerative colitis are initially treated with?
steroids
57
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease?
endoscopy
58
What may be done for a patient with Ulcerative Colitis to allow for bowel rest?
colectomy
59
In what GI condition is it typical to see rectal fissures or tags?
Crohns disease
60
Crohn's disease leads to the malabsorption of i___, z____, f___ and vitamin __
iron zinc folate vitamin b12
61
Crohn's disease may involve any GI segment, s/s may include a__ p___ and r___ b____
abdominal pain and rectal bleeding
62
Upon diagnosis of Crohn's disease, what treatment is indicated for a suspected fistula or abscess?
antibiotics
63
What should children with Crohn's disease avoid?
NSAIDS
64
Acute abdominal pain differential diagnosis includes o____ p_____ c______ and g___-u___ disorders
obstruction pancreatitis colilithiasis genito-urinary disorders
65
Children with esophageal obstruction present with excessive ____ and _____
secretions and vomiting
66
Children with stomach obstruction present with?
nonbilious vomiting
67
Children with obstruction at the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, and colon present with?
bilious emesis
68
Abdominal compartment syndrome typically occurs s/p ____ or ____ GI processes
infection or inflammatory
69
Children with pancreatitis will c/o s__ or d___ e___ pain, which radiates to the ____ side of the ____, accompanied by __/___/____
sharp or dull epigastric Left side of the back accompanied by N/V/D
70
What laboratory test is a more specific marker for pancreatitis?
Lipase
71
what laboratory test will rise first when pancreatitis is present?
amylase
72
Pancreatitis management includes placing the child ____, ___ control, and ___ nutrition. Children with pancreatitis should maintain a ___ ___ diet
NPO pain control IV nutrition low fat diet
73
Cholelithiasis is more prevalent amongst?
teens and young adults
74
Cholelithiasis s/s include abdominal ___ which radiates to the ___ accompanied by __/___ after ____
pain back n/v after eating
75
What is the gold standard diagnostic test for cholelithiasis?
ERCP *other studies may include a HIDA scan or MRCP
76
What labs are elevated in cholelithiasis? w___, g____, a__ p___, ____/____, d___/i____ b____, a_____
WBC GGT alkaline phosph AST/ALT direct/indirect bilirubin amylase
77
Gastroenteritis is typically ___ in nature. Acquired via the f___/o____ route
viral fecal/oral
78
Gastroenteritis s/s include f___, v___, d____
fecal vomiting diarrhea
79
If stable, the key to gastroenteritis treatment is?
oral rehydration at home
80
GI bleeding treatment may include o_____, v____, and b___ b_____
ocerotide vasopressin beta blockers
81
Neonatal causes of acute GI bleeds include rectal f____ C____ g____ e____ s/p m_____ v____ and/or due to congenital v___ lesions
rectal fissures CMPA gastritis esophagitis mechanical ventilation vascular lesions
82
Causes of acute GI bleeding in infants- 1YOA includes G_____ G____ I____
GERD Gastritis IBD
83
Causes of acute GI bleeding in children 1-2 YOA includes e___ v____ b____ a_____ p____ v____ t____ v____ lesions i____ d_____
esophageal varices biliary atresia portal vein thrombosiss vascular lesions infectious diarrhea
84
Causes of acute GI bleeding in children 2 YOA and older include p____ h____ e___ v____ I____ i____ d_____
portal HTN esophageal varices IBD infectious diarrhea
85
In any acute GI bleed monitor c___ and c____ studies
CBC and coagulation
86
acholic stools are a sign of?
liver failure
87
When working up a child with hyperbilirubinemia obtain L___ G____ a___ a____ c___ studies and g_____
LFT's GGT Albumin Ammonia coagulation glucose
88
For patients with biliary atresia and/or in preparation for liver transplant treatment may include i____ or p____
IVIG phenobarb
89
The gold standard diagnostic test for biliary atresia is?
liver biopsy
90
The treatment of choice for biliary atresia is the?
kasai procedure
91
Children with biliary atresia will need f___ s___ v____ supplements and l__ f___ formulas
fat-soluble vitamin supplements low fat formulas
92
S/S of kernicterus includes s____ h___ loss loss of u____ g____ and l____ which is considered an emergency
sensorinural hearinig loss loss of upward gaze lethargy -due to encephalopathy
93
Hepatitis B and C is usually transmitted from ____ to ____
mother to infant
94
The is the diagnostic test for pediatric hepatitis? A_____ ___ with Doppler
abdominal US with doppler
95
Children with hepatitis should avoid ____ ____ _____
liver toxic medications
96
At every encounter children with hepatitis should have their ____ monitored
LFT's
97
Children with Hepatitis will experience worsening in ___ ___ every time they are rsick
liver function
98
Children with liver failure may require the administration of ___ __. Ensure to monitor ___ studies.
vitamin k coagulation studies
99
Unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia is most often caused by conditions that?
increase the destruction or RBC's
100
Children with conjugated hyperbilirubinemia are at greatest risk for?
gall stones
101
Examples of conditions leading to unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia include? i____ p____ jaundice g____ syndrome
infantile physiologic gilberts
102
Examples of conditions leading to conjugated hyperbilirubinemia include? o____ jaundice
obstructive jaundice ---anything that blocks bile flow such as stones, tumors
103
Clinical manifestations of conjugated hyperbilirubinemia include elevated ____ p_____ d___ u____ s_____ and decreased _____ absorption
elevated cholesterol pruritis dark urine steatorrhea (fatty stools) vitamin

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