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Osce Prep > Gi > Flashcards

Gi Flashcards

1
Q

Furring of the tongue and bad breath could be

A

Intra abdominal sepsis

Eg peritonitis , appendicitis

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2
Q

Lack of abdominal wall movement in respiration

A

Peritonitis

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3
Q

Rebound tenderness is?

Found in

A

Pain when abdomen released rapidly after compression

Peritonitis

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4
Q

Signs of toxicity and sepsis

A 
6 Ts
Tachycardia 
Tachypnoea 
Tremors 
Toxic look
Tiredness
Temperature
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5
Q

Causes of acute pancreatitis

A 
GET SMASHD
Gallstones
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune
Scorpion 
Hyperlipidaemia 
Drugs - azathiopine, diuretics
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6
Q

Pallor or palmar creases

A

Anaemia

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7
Q

GI causes of clubbing

A

Cirrhosis , ulcerative colitis, crohns , coeliac disease

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8
Q

Leukonychia is?

Seen in ?

A

White patches in nails

If affects all nail beds may be –> chemo

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9
Q

Terry’s nails (leukonychia totalis) found in?

A

Hypoalbuminaemia

(Nephrotic syndrome, liver failure, protein malabsorption

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10
Q

Spoon shaped nails called?

Seen in ?

A

Koilonchyia

Chronic iron deficiency

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11
Q

What are spider naevi ?
Found in?
Where are they usually seen

A

Single arteriolar with radiating dilated capillaries
Seen in 20% healthy people
Lots seen in liver disease with circulating oestrogens

Upper trunk head neck and arms

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12
Q

What is dupuytrens contracture

A

Fibrosis and shortening of palmar aponeurosis

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13
Q

When is liver flap seen?
Why?

Where else (other system)

A

Coarse flapping tremor –> liver failure with failure of ammonia metabolism to urea

Also seen in renal failure and respiratory failure with CO2 retention

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14
Q

What is Xanthelasma ?

Seen in

A

Yellowish deposit of fat around eyelids

Hyper cholesterol

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15
Q

What is corneal Arcus ?

Seen in?

A

White /pale ring around iris

Hypercholesterol

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16
Q

What does telangiectasia look like?
Where does it affect ?
Issue?

A

Little red dots on lips/ oral mucosa
Face, oral mucosa, GI tract, lungs, liver, brain
Haemorrhage

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17
Q

Angular stomatitis caused by?

A

Deficiency of b12,6 folate or iron

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18
Q

What is glossitis?

Seen in? When is it painful ?

A

Smooth red tongue
Painful - b12/folate deficiency
Painless - iron deficiency

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19
Q

Ulcers in oral mucosa

A

B12 deficiency , iron deficiency, crohns , coeliac

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20
Q

Cause of gynaecomastia

A

Increased circulating oestrogens in liver failure

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21
Q

What is troisiers sign

A

Enlargers left supra clavichord lymph node (virchows)

Metastisis form intraabdominal malignancy

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22
Q

Distended veins in abdomen ?

A

Inferior vena cava obstruction

Portal hypertension

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23
Q

5 Fs of abdominal distension

A 
Fluid 
Faeces
Flat us
Foetus
Fat
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24
Q

What is courvoisier’s law

A

In the presence of a palpable gall bladder, jaundice is NOT likely to be due to gallstones

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25
Q

Bowel sounds in obstruction

A

Tinkling

26
Q

4 questions for scrotal swellings

A

Can you get above the swelling
Can the testis and epididymis be identified separately
Does the swelling transilluminate
Is the swelling tender

27
Q

Jaundice and abdominal pain is usually?

A

Gallstones

28
Q

Eg causes of clubbing

A

IBD, cirrhosis, coeliac

29
Q

What is spooning of nails called?

Cause

A

Koilonychia

Chronic iron deficiency

30
Q

Whitened nail bed called?

Cause

A

Leukonychia

Hypoalbuminaemia ( liver failure / enteropathy)

31
Q

Palmar erythema looks like?

Cause?

A

Reddening of palms

Liver disease / pregnancy

32
Q

Dupuytrens contracture associated with

A

Alcohol excess

33
Q

3 causes of liver flap

A

Liver failure
Uraemia
Co2 retention

34
Q

Bruising may suggest

A

^PT due to liver failure

35
Q

What do petachiae suggest

A

Thrombocytopenia (platelets

36
Q

Excoriations are?

Possible cause?

A

Raw irritated lesion (maybe scratching )

Iron deficiency anaemia / cholestasis

37
Q

Tract marks on arms indicate

A

IV drug use - risk for hepatitis B/C

38
Q

Axillary hair loss could mean

A

Malnourishment

Iron deficient anaemia

39
Q

What is acanthosis nigricans ?

Indicative of

A

Darkened pigmentation of axillary

Malignancy im GI tract

40
Q

Cause of angular stromatitis

A

Iron / b12 deficiency

41
Q

What is oral candidiasis ?

Causes ?

A

White Slough noticed on mucous membranes

Iron / immunodeficiency

42
Q

Mouth ulcers cause

A

Crohns

Coeliac

43
Q

Glossitis looks like?

Cause ?

A

Smooth red swollen tongue

Iron/b12/folate deficiency

44
Q

Where is virchows node?

Indicative of?

A

Left supraclavicular fossa

Gastric malignancy

45
Q

Spider naevi look like
How many to be significant?
Cause ?

A

Central red spot with reddish extensions

46
Q

Cause of gynaecomastia

A

Liver cirrhosis
Digoxin
Spironolactone

47
Q

Hair loss indicative of

A

Malnourishment

Iron deficiency anaemia

48
Q

Midline scar
RIF scar
RSC scar

A

Laparotomy
Appendectomy
Cholecystectomy

49
Q

What is Cullen’s sign ?

Causes?

A

Bruising surrounding umbilicus

Retro peritoneal bleed (pancreatitis / ruptured AAA)

50
Q

Grey turners sign ?

Causes?

A

Flank bruising

Retro peritoneal bleed ( pancreatitis / ruptured AAA)

51
Q

5 fs of abdominal distension

A

Fluid, fat, faeces, flatus, fetus

52
Q

Abdominal striae cause? Colours mean?

A

Abdominal distension

Reddish (new) silver (chronic)

53
Q

What is caput medusae ?

Cause

A

Engorged para umbilical veins

Portal hypertension

54
Q

Colostomy vs ileostomy locations

A

Colon - LIF

Ileostomy - RIF

55
Q

Cause of a pulsatile enlarged liver

A

Tricuspid regurgitation

56
Q

Enlarged gall bladder suggests

A

Obstruction / infection (cholecystitis)

57
Q

Murphys sign indicates

A

Cholecystitis

58
Q

How much bigger does a spleen have to be to be palpated

A

3x

59
Q

Abdominal bowel sounds

A

Normal - gurgling
Abnormal - tinkling (obstruction)
Absent - ileus / peritonitis

60
Q

Where listen for abdominal Bruis

A

Aortic - just above umbilicus

Renal - just above and slightly lateral

Osce Prep (9 decks)

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