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Osce Prep > Gi > Flashcards

Gi Flashcards

(60 cards)

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1
Q

Furring of the tongue and bad breath could be

A

Intra abdominal sepsis

Eg peritonitis , appendicitis

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2
Q

Lack of abdominal wall movement in respiration

A

Peritonitis

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3
Q

Rebound tenderness is?

Found in

A

Pain when abdomen released rapidly after compression

Peritonitis

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4
Q

Signs of toxicity and sepsis

A 
6 Ts
Tachycardia 
Tachypnoea 
Tremors 
Toxic look
Tiredness
Temperature
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5
Q

Causes of acute pancreatitis

A 
GET SMASHD
Gallstones
Ethanol
Trauma
Steroids
Mumps
Autoimmune
Scorpion 
Hyperlipidaemia 
Drugs - azathiopine, diuretics
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6
Q

Pallor or palmar creases

A

Anaemia

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7
Q

GI causes of clubbing

A

Cirrhosis , ulcerative colitis, crohns , coeliac disease

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8
Q

Leukonychia is?

Seen in ?

A

White patches in nails

If affects all nail beds may be –> chemo

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9
Q

Terry’s nails (leukonychia totalis) found in?

A

Hypoalbuminaemia

(Nephrotic syndrome, liver failure, protein malabsorption

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10
Q

Spoon shaped nails called?

Seen in ?

A

Koilonchyia

Chronic iron deficiency

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11
Q

What are spider naevi ?
Found in?
Where are they usually seen

A

Single arteriolar with radiating dilated capillaries
Seen in 20% healthy people
Lots seen in liver disease with circulating oestrogens

Upper trunk head neck and arms

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12
Q

What is dupuytrens contracture

A

Fibrosis and shortening of palmar aponeurosis

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13
Q

When is liver flap seen?
Why?

Where else (other system)

A

Coarse flapping tremor –> liver failure with failure of ammonia metabolism to urea

Also seen in renal failure and respiratory failure with CO2 retention

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14
Q

What is Xanthelasma ?

Seen in

A

Yellowish deposit of fat around eyelids

Hyper cholesterol

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15
Q

What is corneal Arcus ?

Seen in?

A

White /pale ring around iris

Hypercholesterol

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16
Q

What does telangiectasia look like?
Where does it affect ?
Issue?

A

Little red dots on lips/ oral mucosa
Face, oral mucosa, GI tract, lungs, liver, brain
Haemorrhage

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17
Q

Angular stomatitis caused by?

A

Deficiency of b12,6 folate or iron

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18
Q

What is glossitis?

Seen in? When is it painful ?

A

Smooth red tongue
Painful - b12/folate deficiency
Painless - iron deficiency

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19
Q

Ulcers in oral mucosa

A

B12 deficiency , iron deficiency, crohns , coeliac

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20
Q

Cause of gynaecomastia

A

Increased circulating oestrogens in liver failure

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21
Q

What is troisiers sign

A

Enlargers left supra clavichord lymph node (virchows)

Metastisis form intraabdominal malignancy

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22
Q

Distended veins in abdomen ?

A

Inferior vena cava obstruction

Portal hypertension

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23
Q

5 Fs of abdominal distension

A 
Fluid 
Faeces
Flat us
Foetus
Fat
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24
Q

What is courvoisier’s law

A

In the presence of a palpable gall bladder, jaundice is NOT likely to be due to gallstones

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25
Bowel sounds in obstruction
Tinkling
26
4 questions for scrotal swellings
Can you get above the swelling Can the testis and epididymis be identified separately Does the swelling transilluminate Is the swelling tender
27
Jaundice and abdominal pain is usually?
Gallstones
28
Eg causes of clubbing
IBD, cirrhosis, coeliac
29
What is spooning of nails called? | Cause
Koilonychia | Chronic iron deficiency
30
Whitened nail bed called? | Cause
Leukonychia | Hypoalbuminaemia ( liver failure / enteropathy)
31
Palmar erythema looks like? | Cause?
Reddening of palms | Liver disease / pregnancy
32
Dupuytrens contracture associated with
Alcohol excess
33
3 causes of liver flap
Liver failure Uraemia Co2 retention
34
Bruising may suggest
^PT due to liver failure
35
What do petachiae suggest
Thrombocytopenia (platelets
36
Excoriations are? | Possible cause?
Raw irritated lesion (maybe scratching ) | Iron deficiency anaemia / cholestasis
37
Tract marks on arms indicate
IV drug use - risk for hepatitis B/C
38
Axillary hair loss could mean
Malnourishment | Iron deficient anaemia
39
What is acanthosis nigricans ? | Indicative of
Darkened pigmentation of axillary | Malignancy im GI tract
40
Cause of angular stromatitis
Iron / b12 deficiency
41
What is oral candidiasis ? | Causes ?
White Slough noticed on mucous membranes | Iron / immunodeficiency
42
Mouth ulcers cause
Crohns | Coeliac
43
Glossitis looks like? | Cause ?
Smooth red swollen tongue | Iron/b12/folate deficiency
44
Where is virchows node? | Indicative of?
Left supraclavicular fossa | Gastric malignancy
45
Spider naevi look like How many to be significant? Cause ?
Central red spot with reddish extensions
46
Cause of gynaecomastia
Liver cirrhosis Digoxin Spironolactone
47
Hair loss indicative of
Malnourishment | Iron deficiency anaemia
48
Midline scar RIF scar RSC scar
Laparotomy Appendectomy Cholecystectomy
49
What is Cullen's sign ? | Causes?
Bruising surrounding umbilicus | Retro peritoneal bleed (pancreatitis / ruptured AAA)
50
Grey turners sign ? | Causes?
Flank bruising | Retro peritoneal bleed ( pancreatitis / ruptured AAA)
51
5 fs of abdominal distension
Fluid, fat, faeces, flatus, fetus
52
Abdominal striae cause? Colours mean?
Abdominal distension | Reddish (new) silver (chronic)
53
What is caput medusae ? | Cause
Engorged para umbilical veins | Portal hypertension
54
Colostomy vs ileostomy locations
Colon - LIF | Ileostomy - RIF
55
Cause of a pulsatile enlarged liver
Tricuspid regurgitation
56
Enlarged gall bladder suggests
Obstruction / infection (cholecystitis)
57
Murphys sign indicates
Cholecystitis
58
How much bigger does a spleen have to be to be palpated
3x
59
Abdominal bowel sounds
Normal - gurgling Abnormal - tinkling (obstruction) Absent - ileus / peritonitis
60
Where listen for abdominal Bruis
Aortic - just above umbilicus | Renal - just above and slightly lateral

Osce Prep (9 decks)

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