Msk

Question 1

Normal elbow carrying angle?

Increased in ?

Answer 1

5-10 degrees

Turners syndrome

Question 2

Foot features of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 2

Hallux/ hindfoot valgus
Toe crowding
Flattened arches

Question 3

Causes of inability to fully extend elbow

Answer 3

Synovitis, osteoarthritis , trauma , soft tissue conditions

Question 4

Finger findings of rheumatoid arthritis

Answer 4

Ulnar deviation of phalanges and MCP joints

Z deformity of thumb

Question 5

Causes of sausage shaped fingers

Answer 5

Psoriatic arthritis

Also present in Reiters disease

Question 6

Nail deformities in psoriasis

Answer 6

Pitting, onycholysis, hyper keratosis, ridging, discolouration

Question 7

Where is the scar from a hip replacement

Answer 7

Lateral aspect

Question 8

Dislocated hip held how?

Answer 8

Adducted and flexed

Question 9

Fractured neck of femur held how ?

Answer 9

Leg shortened and externally rotated

Question 10

Most comfortable way to hold painful hip with synovitis

Answer 10

Slight flexion, abduction and external rotation

Question 11

What is apparent leg length

Causes of discrepancies

Answer 11

Umbilicus to medial malleolus

True shortening or tilting of pelvis

Question 12

What is trendelenburgs test for?
How is it done?
What happens in a positive test? Cause?

Answer 12

Tests hip abductees
Ask the patient to stand on one leg
Non weight bearing side sags (instead of rises)
L5 lesion, proximal myopathy, hip joint disease

Question 13

What is indicated if sideways flexion is more limited than forward

Answer 13

Ankylosing spond

Question 14

Difficulty walking on toes

Difficulty walking on heals

Answer 14

S1 lesion

L4/5

Question 15

Weak quadriceps suggests

Answer 15

L4 root damage

Question 16

Weakness of muscles of foot an ankle suggest

Answer 16

L5 root damage

Question 17

Weakness of calf suggest

Answer 17

S1 root damage

Question 18

Loss of lumbar lordosis characteristic of

Answer 18

Ankylosing spond

Question 19

Side effects of steroids

Answer 19

BECLOMETHASONE
Buffalo hump
Easy bruising
Cataracts
Larger appetite
Obesity
Moon face
Euphoria
Thin arms and legs
Hypertension, hyperglycaemia
A vascular necrosis of femoral head
Skin thinning
Osteoporosis 
Negative nitrogen balance
Emotional liability

Question 20

Rheumatic fever criteria

Answer 20

Major JONES 
Joints (migratory) 
O (heart shaped) carditis (murmur)
Nodules - subcutaneous on extensor surfaces 
Erythema marginatum (pink rings on trunk and inner surface of limbs) 
Sydenham's chorea (uncoordinated jerking affecting face hands and feet) 
Minor PEACE 
PR interval (prolonged)
ESR elevated 
Arthralgia 
CRP elevated 
Elevated temperature 

Need 2 major (or 1 and 2 minor) plus evidence of recent infection

Question 21

What is genu recurvatum

Answer 21

Knee hyperextension

Question 22

What do cafe au lait spots suggest

Answer 22

Neurofibromatosis

Question 23

Sacral dimple with hairy patch may indicate

Answer 23

Spina bifida occulta

Question 24

What is spondylolisthesis

How is it felt

Answer 24

Forward displacement of vertebrae usually after a fracture

Palpable step

Question 25

Eg of cause of tenderness over sacroiliac joints

Answer 25

Ankylosing spond

Question 26

Test used to give a quantitative measure or lumbar spine flexion

Answer 26

Schobers test | Draw lines

Question 27

Femoral nerve roots

Answer 27

L2-4

Question 28

Pitting / nail ridges seen in

Answer 28

Psoriasis

Question 29

Onycholysis seen in

Answer 29

Psoriasis, fungal nail, hyperthyroidism

Question 30

What is onychogryphosis ? | Seen in?

Answer 30

Hypertrophic nails that resemble claws | Post traumatic, peripheral vascular disease

Question 31

What is sclerodactyly

Answer 31

Thickening and tethering of skin over fingers

Question 32

What is dactylitis ? | Seen in ?

Answer 32

Sausage fingers | Psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spond, IBD

Question 33

What is a boutonnière deformity

Answer 33

First joint bent towards palm and last away

Question 34

When do you see squaring of 1st carpalmetacarpal joint?

Answer 34

Osteoarthritis

Question 35

What nerve supply's sensation to the anatomical snuff box

Answer 35

Radial

Question 36

What does increased stepping height indicate

Answer 36

Foot drop

Question 37

Pelvic tilt indicates

Answer 37

Hip abductor weakness

Question 38

Causes of popliteal swellings

Answer 38

Bakers cyst | Popliteal aneurysm

Question 39

To finish gals

Answer 39

Perfom focused examination joints with suspected pathology

Question 40

Associations with dupuytrens

Answer 40

Familial, T2DM, liver cirrhosis

Question 41

Finger abduction done by

Answer 41

Ulnar

Question 42

Wrist / finger extension

Answer 42

Radial nerve

Question 43

Thumb abduction

Answer 43

Median nerve

Question 44

Things to finish a knee exam

Answer 44

Neuro vascular examination of lower limbs Examine the joint above and below Request further imaging if suspected X-ray / MRI

Question 45

Putting hands behind head tests

Answer 45

External rotation

Question 46

Pitting hands up back tests

Answer 46

Internal rotation

Question 47

Pain on resisted external rotation suggests

Answer 47

Infraspinatus, teres minor tendonitis / torn

Question 48

Abduct shoulder from neutral position pain

Answer 48

Supraspinatus

Question 49

Painful arc indicates

Answer 49

Supraspinatus

Question 50

Lift off test is for

Answer 50

Subscapularis

Question 51

To finish shoulder exam

Answer 51

Perform full neuro vascular exam Examine spine and elbow Request further imaging if required X-ray / MRI

Question 52

Apparent vs true leg length

Answer 52

Apparent - umbilicus to medial maleolus | True - ASIS to medial maleolus

Question 53

Causes of hyper lumbar lordosis

Answer 53

Obesity | Tight lower back muscles

Question 54

Abnormal hair growth on back

Answer 54

Spina bifida

Question 55

Sciatic stretch test- positive results suggests

Answer 55

Sciatic nerve root impingement

Question 56

Usual cause of sciatic nerve root impingement

Answer 56

Prolapsed disk

Question 57

Finish spine exam

Answer 57

Full neuro vascular examination of all limbs Take plain radiographs of spine if indicated Perform further imaging if indicated MRI / CT