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Useful Extra Facts > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

What medication can be given for achalasia?

A

Calcium channel blockers

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2
Q

Treatment of oesophageal cancer

A

surgery and radiotherapy

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3
Q

Dyspepsia treatment

A

4 weeks high dose PPI then step down

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4
Q

Sliding or rolling which is more common?

A

sliding

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5
Q

Red velvety mucosa

A

Barretts

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6
Q

Where is the metaplasia in Barrett’s

A

lower third

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7
Q

Which are more common, duodenal or gastric ulcers?

A

duodenal

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8
Q

When are duodenal ulcers worse?

A

night

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9
Q

H Pylori therapy

A

PPI, Amox and Met

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10
Q

Pernicious anaemia can cause what cancer

A

gastric

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11
Q

Proximal third of stomach cancer treatment?

A

total gastrectomy

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12
Q

Distal 2/3 of stomach cancer treatment

A

partial gastrectomy

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13
Q

explosive foul smelling Diarrhoea, can cause steatorrhea

A

giardiasis, give metronidazole

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14
Q

Liver abscess and bloody diarrhoea

A

amoeba

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15
Q

Bakery then food poisoning

A

staph aureus

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16
Q

rice water

A

cholera

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17
Q

gram positive: endo or exotoxin

A

exotoxin

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18
Q

4 Cs that cause C diff

A

clindamycin, co-amox, ciprofloxacin and cephalosporins

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19
Q

What kind of laxative is senna

A

stimulant

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20
Q

laxatives do what to potassium

A

hypokalaemia

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21
Q

Reduced goblet cells

A

UC

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22
Q

What induced remission in Crohn’s

A

methosalazine

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23
Q

what will maintain remission in Crohn’s

A

asathioprine or methotrexate

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24
Q

Rose thorn ulcers and string sign

A

Crohn’s

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25
Q

Treatment of toxic megacolon

A

laparotomy

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26
Q

lactose intolerance can be tested for how

A

hydrogen breath test

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27
Q

Macrophagse and saggy mucosa

A

Whipple’s disease

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28
Q

colicky pain relieved by flatulence

A

diverticular disease

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29
Q

constant pain LIF and blood

A

diverticulitis

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30
Q

Treatment of diverticulitis

A

IV Amox, Met, Gent and fluids

If perforation do Hartmans

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31
Q

Painless occult bleeding in elderly

A

angiodysplasia

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32
Q

Pain out of proportion, raised lactate

A

Mesenteric ischaemia

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33
Q

What should be done for mesenteric ischaemia

A

angiogram, surgery, angioplasty

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34
Q

Thumbprint sign

A

ischaemic colitis

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35
Q

fear of eating, Cardio disease, worse post prandial

A

chronic mesenteric ischaemia

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36
Q

What gene is affected in FAP

A

APC

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37
Q

What causes HNPCC

A

DNA mismatch

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38
Q

Colorectal cancer screening

A

50-74 every 2 years

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39
Q

What is needed if AP resection

A

end colostomy

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40
Q

Treatment for rectal prolapse

A

rectal pinning, or if frail “Derlome’s”

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41
Q

Absent bowel sounds

A

ileus

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42
Q

Commonest cause of obstruction

A

adhesions

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43
Q

Whirl sign

A

volvulus

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44
Q

Treatment of sigmoid volvulus

A

flatus tube

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45
Q

Treatment of ileus

A

IV neostigamine and metoclopramide

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46
Q

Press of LIF and get RIF pain

A

Rosvings sign in appendicitis

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47
Q

Which LFT is V specific to liver

A

ALT

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48
Q

Which LFT is v specific to alcohol

A

AST (s for steaming)

49
Q

increased conjugated bilirubin

A

obstructive cause

50
Q

increased unconjugated bilirubin

A

haemolysis

51
Q

Pale stool and dark urine

A

post hepatic

52
Q

Chronic hep B treatment

A

interferon alpha

53
Q

Budd Chiari occurs in who

A

post partum women

54
Q

Who gets PBC

A

middle aged women

55
Q

What does PSC lead to

A

cholangiocarcinoma

56
Q

What does PBC lead to

A

HCC

57
Q

What marker for HCC

A

AFP

58
Q

What scan for HCC

A

4 phase CT

59
Q

piecemeal necrosis

A

autoimmune hepatitis

60
Q

persistant raised amylase after acute pancreatitis

A

cyst

61
Q

chain of lake

A

chronic pancreatitis

62
Q

What supplements given for chronic pancreatitis

A

criol

63
Q

most common type of gallstone

A

cholesterol

64
Q

Investigation for cholecystitis

A

US, then do Lap choly within week

65
Q

Direct hernias

A

medial

66
Q

Which hernias are often strangulated

A

femoral

67
Q

Beri Beri

A

thymine deficiency

68
Q

Which anti-Emetics are centrally acting

A

Metoclopramide and Prochlorperazine

69
Q

Which anti-Emetics are peripherally acting

A

Domperidone

70
Q

Cyclizine/loratidin work on??

A

H1

71
Q

Ranitidine works on

A

H2

72
Q

Foregut supplied by

A

coeliac trunk

73
Q

midgut supplied by

A

SMA

74
Q

hindgut supplied by

A

IMA

75
Q

Watershed area

A

splenic flexure, marginal artery of drummond

76
Q

Sphincter of oddi enters into where?

A

ampulla of vater

77
Q

Treatment fo metastatis HCC not fit for surgery

A

sorafenib

78
Q

Abdo pain,blood and leucocytes?

A

CT for stones

79
Q

drainpipe colon

A

uc

80
Q

ischaemic colitis commonly affects where

A

splenic flexure

81
Q

PSC antibody

A

pANCA

82
Q

beaded strictures on ERCP

A

PSC

83
Q

Metoclopramide works how

A

D2 antagonist

84
Q

Crohn’s must stop what

A

smoking

85
Q

What can sudden weight loss do to liver

A

cause non alcoholic fatty liver

86
Q

C diff isolation time

A

at least 48 hrs

87
Q

c diff bacteria type

A

gram positive rod

88
Q

What is more common HNPCC or FAP

A

HNPCC

89
Q

right sided tenderness on PR

A

appendicitis

90
Q

Achalasia causes

A

SCC

91
Q

children with tracheoesophageal fistulas may get what

A

strictures

92
Q

liver abscess treatment

A

IV Antibiotics and image guided drainage

93
Q

When should PPI be stopped before endoscopy

A

2 week

94
Q

Grey rash, impotence

A

haemochromatosis

95
Q

loperamide acts on what

A

opiod receptors

96
Q

what can distinguish between IBS and IBD

A

faecal calproctectin

97
Q

villous atrophy, raised lymphocytes and crypt hyperplasia

A

coeliac disease

98
Q

Blockage of where with gallstone won’t cause jaundice

A

gallbladder itself or cystic duct

99
Q

Pigmented gall stones

A

sickle cell

100
Q

commonest cause of ascending cholangitis

A

e.coli

101
Q

pancreatic pseudocyst treatment?

A

conservative

102
Q

MALT lymphoma treatment

A

h pylori eradication therapy

103
Q

gastrectomy causes what potensh

A

b12 deficiency, subacute combined degen of cord

104
Q

Ulcers and diarrhoea?

A

check serum gastrin levels could be gastrinoma

105
Q

What is mebeverin

A

antispasmodic, can teat colicky pain in IBS

106
Q

Gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumour

A

carcinoid syndrome - diarrhea, wheeze, flushing

107
Q

what LFTs represent parenchymal function

A

ALT and AST

108
Q

what LFTs represent synthetic function

A

prothrombin and albumin

109
Q

intermittent dysphagia

A

dysmotility problem

110
Q

salmon pink spots and diarrhoea

A

typhoid

111
Q

Which is more common Crohn’s or UC

A

UC

112
Q

most common congenital GI tract abnormality

A

Meckel’s

113
Q

When is biliary colic common and what should be done

A

pregnancy, just conservative

114
Q

LA classification is for

A

Oesophagitis

115
Q

Hep A, can it progress to cirrhosis?

A

no

116
Q

Prolonged laxative use can cause what

A

melanosis coli and blood in stool, macrophages contain LIPOFUSCIN

117
Q

Marsh criteria for??

A

coeliac disease

118
Q

What is v sensitive for liver cirrhosis

A

thrombocytopenia

119
Q

What anti Epileptic can cause pancreatitis

A

valproate

Useful Extra Facts (8 decks)

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