GI

Question 1

Mean peristalsis wave per min?

Answer 1

4-5

Question 2

Measurements of the bowel layers for a dog?

Answer 2

Duodenum 3-5mm Jejunum 2-4mm Ileum 2-4mm Colon 2-3mm Stomach 2-5mm

Question 3

Measurements of the bowel layers for a dog?

Answer 3

Duodenum 2-2.5mm Jejunum 2-2.5mm Ileum 2.5-3.0mm Colon 1-2mm Stomach 2-4 mm

Question 4

What layers are prominent in a cats intestines?

Answer 4

Muscularis and submucosa

Question 5

Concentric rings or ring sign or tree ring sign is consistent with what?

Answer 5

Intussusception

Question 6

Intussuscipien is what?

Answer 6

The outer portion

Question 7

Intussusceptum is what?

Answer 7

The inner portion

Question 8

When you have an intussusception what else should you look for?

Answer 8

Tumor FB

Question 9

What percentage of the total bowel wall does the mucosa represent?

Answer 9

Dog -2/3 Cat - 55%

Question 10

What percentage of the total bowel wall does the muscularis represent?

Answer 10

Both - 15%

Question 11

What lymph nodes drain the GI?

Answer 11

Hepatic, Gastric, pancreatico-duodenal, jejunal and colic

Question 12

Most common intussusception?

Answer 12

Ileo-ceco-colic Or jejuno-jejunal

Question 13

Gastroesophageal intussusception breed?

Answer 13

German shepards

Question 14

What is necessary for confirming an obstructive FM?

Answer 14

Accumulation of gas or fluid orad

Question 15

Perforated wall looks like what?

Answer 15

Locally thickened Focal loss of layering Steatitis

Question 16

Worms look like?

Answer 16

Two hyperechoic parallel structures No shadowing

Question 17

Gastritis signs

Answer 17

Diffuse thickening Reduction of conspicuity of layers

Question 18

Mesenteric torsion does what to wall layers?

Answer 18

Thins them.

Question 19

IBD, Granulomatous enteritis, food allergies, lymphangiectasia have what characteristics?

Answer 19

Increase in mucosal echogenicity Speckling Striations Line paralleling the lumen

Question 20

When and where are Peyer’s patches seen?

Answer 20

Dog with GI in the duodenum

Question 21

Hyperechoic line parallel to the lumen can indicate?

Answer 21

Fibrosis from chronic inflammation Lymphatics

Question 22

Differentials for perpendicular hyperechoic lines?

Answer 22

PLE Lymphangiectasia Histiocytic sarcoma

Question 23

Parasitic infection likes to increase the size of what layer?

Answer 23

SUBMUCOSA

Question 24

What type of changes are seen in subclinical heterobilharzia?

Answer 24

Nodular, hypoechoic thickening of the submucosa

Question 25

What does typhlitis mean?

Answer 25

Cecal inflammation.

Question 26

Presence of discrete small hypoechoic submucosal nodules indicate what in the colon?

Answer 26

Colonic inflammatory changes - represent intraparietal reactive lymphoid follicles.

Question 27

What is the significance of pneumatosis in the GI?

Answer 27

Unknown- probably go away

Question 28

Parasitic infestations can cause what?

Answer 28

Peritoneal cestodiasis

Question 29

What is evidence supporting dehiscence?

Answer 29

Thinning of walls Trapping of fluid near surgry site

Question 30

What ultrasound sign is very suggestive of gastric adenocarinoma?

Answer 30

Pseudo-layering

Question 31

Which neoplasia likes to cause mechanical obstruction? Carcinoma or lymphoma?

Answer 31

Carcinoma Carcinomas tend to be more focal as well.

Question 32

GI mesenchymal tumors

Answer 32

Leiomyosarcoma Leiomyoma Leiomyomatosis Gastronintestinal stromal tumors

Question 33

Ultrasound features of GI mesenchymal tumors

Answer 33

Large \>3cm Eccentric or extraluminal Look for gas and fluid (lumen of bowel)

Question 34

Benign differentials for mass in GI?

Answer 34

Hyperplastic grandular changes Polyps Eosinophilic fibrosing dysplasia Granulomatous lesions (trauma, parasitic, FIP, Fungal or bacterial)

Question 35

One vascular thing that can cause thickening or thinning of a segment of small bowel?

Answer 35

Thrombus... so look for that

Question 36

Frenchies can get what in their pylorus?

Answer 36

Gastric hyperplastic polyp

Question 37

Brachyccephalic does known to have congential what in the pylorus?

Answer 37

Stenosis

Question 38

What percentage of mast cell tumor of the GI like to mets?

Answer 38

71% 50% to the LN 30% to the liver 20% to the spleen 10% to pancreas

Question 39

GI MCT is focal or diffuse?

Answer 39

Both Mostly seen in Small Intestine

Question 40

Top three GI neoplasia in a cat?

Answer 40

Lymphoma Adenocarcinoma MCT

Question 41

Top differentials for loss of layering in the intestines?

Answer 41

Cat: Neoplasia, eosinophilic Dog: Neoplasia, infectious (fungal (histo vs pytheium))

Question 42

Most common mesenchymal tumor of the GI tract?

Answer 42

Leiomyoma Leiomyosarcoma Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)

Question 43

Changes in the GI tract due to heterobilharzia affects what layer?

Answer 43

Submucosa