Liver

Question 1

What is the percentage of PSS that a singular?

Answer 1

80%

Question 2

What is the percentage of PSS in both cats and dogs that are intrahepatic?

Answer 2

25-33%

Question 3

What is the percentage of PSS in both cats and dogs that are extrahepatic?

Answer 3

66-75%

Question 4

What type of PSS has less severe clinical signs and why?

Answer 4

Splenic because it is not GI related.

Question 5

What is the most common cause of acquired shunts?

Answer 5

Cirrhosis
Non-cirrhotic portal hypertension (Portal vein hypoplasia)
Hepatic AV malformations

Question 6

What is Portal Vein Hypoplasia with portal hypertension or non-cirrhotic portal hypertension?

Answer 6

When there is portal hypertension without a known cause (no cirrhosis, patent portal vein)

Question 7

What is portal vein hypoplasia without portal hypertension or microvascular dysplasia?

Answer 7

Communication between the systemic and portal system through microvasculature of the liver. Usually less severe but similar signs as PSS.

Question 8

What percentage of microvascular dyplasia or portal vein hypoplasia without portal hypertension are see in combination with macroscopic PSS?

Answer 8

58% in dogs

87% in cats

Question 9

What is hepatic AV malformations?

Answer 9

Where the hepatic arteries communicate with the portal system causing portal hypertension, hepatofugal flow and arterialization of the portal vein.

Question 10

What breed is known for chronic hepatitis?

Answer 10

Dobies

Question 11

Does chronic hepatitis need to be a small liver?

Answer 11

No… just hyperechoic and correlate with bloodwork

Question 12

TruCut biopsy align with histopath results in what percentage of cases?

Answer 12

65%

Question 13

Youngest dog to get lymphoma?

Answer 13

2 months of age - Golden

Question 14

What difference in echogenicity should the spleen and liver be?

Answer 14

None.. they should equal.

Question 15

Hypoechoic liver is what until proven otherwise?

Answer 15

Acute hepatitis

Question 16

What is the murphy sign?

Answer 16

pain on palpation of the gall bladder

Question 17

What is the number one breed for Cushings?

Answer 17

Schauzers

Question 18

Increased echogenicity of the liver?

Answer 18

Hepatopathy
Infiltrative (lymphoma vs amlyodosis)
Inflammatory

Question 19

When is a mucocele surgical?

Answer 19

Fluid or inflammation around the gall bladder

Question 20

What type of needle to use in a gall bladder aspirate?

Answer 20

Spinal needle

Question 21

What is the only disease cole does not want to poke in the liver?

Answer 21

Lipidosis - friable and will bleed a ton. Only do it if we are worried about LSA however, look for other signs like LN and get them instead.

Question 22

Sludge in a dog can be incidental.. what about in a cat?

Answer 22

NOT GOOD. Cholecystitis or cholestasis

Question 23

If t-bili is high and you see too many tubes what is next?

Answer 23

Surgical explore.

Question 24

What is the normal size of the gall bladder wall in a dog? Cat?

Answer 24

1-3mm Dog

1-2mm Cat

Question 25

When does the ductus venosus closes in Irish wolfhounds when assessed with doppler?

Answer 25

9 days after birth

Question 26

What is the range for normal PV velocity?

Answer 26

10-25 cm/sec

Question 27

Cyst like structures in the liver are common in what breed of dogs?

Answer 27

Cairn Terriers | Westies

Question 28

What are secondary reasons for gallbladder wall thickening?

Answer 28

``` Hepatitis RCHF Portal hypertension Hypoproteinemia anaphylaxis Pancreatitis ```

Question 29

How do you measure gallbladder volume?

Answer 29

(H x W x L x 0.53) = mL

Question 30

If the gallbladder is below what mL/kg is automatically considered normal gallbladder contractility?

Answer 30

>1ml/kg

Question 31

Normal percent of contractility is what in the gallbladder of a dog?

Answer 31

>25%

Question 32

Cholelithiasis is considered an incidental finding in dogs and is often associated with what in cats?

Answer 32

Cholangiohepatitis

Question 33

In many cases what is the US abormalities for cholangiohepatitis in cats?

Answer 33

Nothing

Question 34

What are the common US abnormalities noted in cats with cholangiohepatitis?

Answer 34

1. thickened gallbladder wall 2. Biliary sludge 3. Choleliths 4. thickened, tortuous and dilated CBD

Question 35

Ways to block a CBD?

Answer 35

Mass, cholelith, inflammation

Question 36

Dogs with Cushings are how many times more likely to get a mucocele?

Answer 36

29x

Question 37

Can intrahepatic dilation happen without extrahepatic dilation in cats?

Answer 37

Yes in 30% of cases.

Question 38

Less severe clinical signs and extrahepatic PSS that is found in older dogs is likely a what type of shunt?

Answer 38

Portoazygous

Question 39

What is the most common vessel an EH-PSS arises from in cats?

Answer 39

left gastric

Question 40

A PV:Ao ratio of what is consistent with no EH-PSS?

Answer 40

>0.8

Question 41

A PV:Ao ratio of what is considered likely to have EH-PSS or idiopathic noncirrhotic portal hypertension?

Answer 41

<0.65

Question 42

What is the most common sign of a CBD obstruction in a dog? Is this sign common in a cat?

Answer 42

Distended gall bladder In a cat it happens about 50% of the time