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Microbiology > GI + Bacteria > Flashcards

GI + Bacteria Flashcards

1
Q

inflammatory diarrhea Sx

A

blood/mucous in stool
fever
leukocytes in fecal smear
abdominal pain

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2
Q

inflammatory diarrhea mech

A 
direct invasion (or cytotoxin) of intestinal mucosa
damage to cells
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3
Q

inflammatory diarrhea organism

A

bacteria

protozoan

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4
Q

secretory diarrhea Sx

A

watery diarrhea

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5
Q

secretory diarrhea mech

A

enterotoxin synthesized after colonization

enterotoxin mess with enterocytes and tight junctions

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6
Q

secretory diarrhea orgs

A

viral

bacterial (toxin mediated)

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7
Q

causative agents of gastroenteritis

A

staphylococcus aureus (s)
bacillus cereus (s)
clostridium perfringens
(listeria monocytogenes)

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8
Q

causative agents of GI antrax

A

bacillus anthracis

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9
Q

causative agents of antibiotic associated diarrhea

A

clostridium difficile

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10
Q

how S. aureus causes disease

A

enterotoxin

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11
Q

enterotoxin qualities

A

extremely stable (resist boiling + enzymes)
superantigen
acts directly on neural in upper GI

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12
Q

staph gastroenteritis Sx

A

acute vomiting
abdominal ain
secretory diarrhea

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13
Q

staph gastroenteritis likely foods

A

salad dressing, meats, custards (protein-rich)

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14
Q

staph gastroenteritis onset

A

1-6 hours

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15
Q

when staph makes toxin

A

@ room temp

prior to eating

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16
Q

bacilus cereus qualities

A 
gram + rod
aerobic
forms endospores
motile*
beta-hemolytic*
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17
Q

bacilus cereus foods

A

spores on grains, vegetables, dairy products

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18
Q

bacilus cereus gastroenteritis (forms)

A

emetic

diarrheal

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19
Q

emetic form onset

A

1 - 5 hrs

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20
Q

diarrheal form onset

A

1 (10) - 24 hrs

21
Q

emetic form foods

A

fried rice, pasta

germinate after cooked, not reheated enough

22
Q

diarrheal form foods

A

meat dishes

sauces

23
Q

emetic form sx

A

nausea
vomiting
cramps

24
Q

diarrhea form sx

A

secretory diarrhea
abdominal pain
cramps
NO FEVER

25
Q

emetic form enterotoxin

A

heat stable

pre-formed

26
Q

diarrheal for endotoxin

A

heat labile
cAMP stim mech
ingest spores, germ in SI

27
Q

clostridium perfringens qualities

A 
gram + rod
anaerobic (aerotolerant)
encapsulated
non-motile
double zone of hemolysis
endospores rarely evident
28
Q

c. perfringens enterotoxin

A

heat-labile

risrupts ion transpoort

29
Q

c. perfringens sx

A

nausea
abdominal cramps
secretory diarrhea
NO FEVER

30
Q

c. perfringens Tx

A

self limiting

1 - 2 days

31
Q

major cause of food poisoning in US

A

C. perfringens

32
Q

most common cause of diarrhea in hospitalized patients

A

c. difficile

33
Q

% of people w/ c. diff in intestines

A

usually 1- 3 %

after being hospitalized for a week - 20% (also healthcare workers)

34
Q

c diff as opportunist

A

if present in colon, it’s usually kept in check by normal flora
antibiotics - eliminate normal flora - C diff goes wild

35
Q

c. difficile characteristics

A

gram + rod

spore forming

36
Q

c.. difficile VFs

A

spores
toxin A
toxin B

37
Q

toxin A actions

A

enterotoxin
cause increased fluid secretion and stim inflammatory response (chemotactic for neutrophils)
disrupt enterocyte absorption (secretory diarrhea)

38
Q

toxin B action

A

cytotoxin
damages enterocytes, (inhibit protein synthesis, disrupts cytoskeleton)
–> inflammatoory diarrhea

39
Q

pseudomembrane formation

A

toxin A and toxin B needed

40
Q

pseudomembrane location

A

lesions in colon

may be at jxn of SI/LI

41
Q

antibiotic-associated diarrhea (antibiotics)

A

ampicillin
clindamycin
cephalosporins
flouroquinolones

42
Q

antibiotic associated diarrhea Sx

A

watery/bloody diarrhea (secretory)
abdominal cramps
fever
leukocytosis (inflammatory)

43
Q

pseudomembranous colitis

A

when AAD progresses and forms inflammatory plaques in colon

44
Q

pseudomembrane structure

A

fibrin, leukocytes and necrotic colonic cells

45
Q

B. anthracis characteristics

A 
gram + rod
endospores
non-motile
non-hemolytic (gamma)
capsule (poly-D)
tri-part toxin
46
Q

tri-part toxin components

A

protective antigen
lethal factor (necrosis)
edema factor

47
Q

GI anthrax incubation period

A

1 - 6 days

48
Q

GI anthrax Sx

A

abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, shock (to death)

49
Q

GI anthrax mech

A

eat animal product w/ spores in it
spores germinate in SI - release toxin
toxin changes absorptive props (secretory diarrhea)
lethal factor –> inflammatory diarrhea

Microbiology (6 decks)

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