GI + Bacteria

Question 1

inflammatory diarrhea Sx

Answer 1

blood/mucous in stool
fever
leukocytes in fecal smear
abdominal pain

Question 2

inflammatory diarrhea mech

Answer 2

direct invasion (or cytotoxin) of intestinal mucosa
damage to cells

Question 3

inflammatory diarrhea organism

Answer 3

bacteria

protozoan

Question 4

secretory diarrhea Sx

Answer 4

watery diarrhea

Question 5

secretory diarrhea mech

Answer 5

enterotoxin synthesized after colonization

enterotoxin mess with enterocytes and tight junctions

Question 6

secretory diarrhea orgs

Answer 6

viral

bacterial (toxin mediated)

Question 7

causative agents of gastroenteritis

Answer 7

staphylococcus aureus (s)
bacillus cereus (s)
clostridium perfringens
(listeria monocytogenes)

Question 8

causative agents of GI antrax

Answer 8

bacillus anthracis

Question 9

causative agents of antibiotic associated diarrhea

Answer 9

clostridium difficile

Question 10

how S. aureus causes disease

Answer 10

enterotoxin

Question 11

enterotoxin qualities

Answer 11

extremely stable (resist boiling + enzymes)
superantigen
acts directly on neural in upper GI

Question 12

staph gastroenteritis Sx

Answer 12

acute vomiting
abdominal ain
secretory diarrhea

Question 13

staph gastroenteritis likely foods

Answer 13

salad dressing, meats, custards (protein-rich)

Question 14

staph gastroenteritis onset

Answer 14

1-6 hours

Question 15

when staph makes toxin

Answer 15

@ room temp

prior to eating

Question 16

bacilus cereus qualities

Answer 16

gram + rod
aerobic
forms endospores
motile*
beta-hemolytic*

Question 17

bacilus cereus foods

Answer 17

spores on grains, vegetables, dairy products

Question 18

bacilus cereus gastroenteritis (forms)

Answer 18

emetic

diarrheal

Question 19

emetic form onset

Answer 19

1 - 5 hrs

Question 20

diarrheal form onset

Answer 20

1 (10) - 24 hrs

Question 21

emetic form foods

Answer 21

fried rice, pasta

germinate after cooked, not reheated enough

Question 22

diarrheal form foods

Answer 22

meat dishes

sauces

Question 23

emetic form sx

Answer 23

nausea
vomiting
cramps

Question 24

diarrhea form sx

Answer 24

secretory diarrhea
abdominal pain
cramps
NO FEVER

Question 25

emetic form enterotoxin

Answer 25

heat stable | pre-formed

Question 26

diarrheal for endotoxin

Answer 26

heat labile cAMP stim mech ingest spores, germ in SI

Question 27

clostridium perfringens qualities

Answer 27

``` gram + rod anaerobic (aerotolerant) encapsulated non-motile double zone of hemolysis endospores rarely evident ```

Question 28

c. perfringens enterotoxin

Answer 28

heat-labile | risrupts ion transpoort

Question 29

c. perfringens sx

Answer 29

nausea abdominal cramps secretory diarrhea NO FEVER

Question 30

c. perfringens Tx

Answer 30

self limiting | 1 - 2 days

Question 31

major cause of food poisoning in US

Answer 31

C. perfringens

Question 32

most common cause of diarrhea in hospitalized patients

Answer 32

c. difficile

Question 33

% of people w/ c. diff in intestines

Answer 33

usually 1- 3 % | after being hospitalized for a week - 20% (also healthcare workers)

Question 34

c diff as opportunist

Answer 34

if present in colon, it's usually kept in check by normal flora antibiotics - eliminate normal flora - C diff goes wild

Question 35

c. difficile characteristics

Answer 35

gram + rod | spore forming

Question 36

c.. difficile VFs

Answer 36

spores toxin A toxin B

Question 37

toxin A actions

Answer 37

enterotoxin cause increased fluid secretion and stim inflammatory response (chemotactic for neutrophils) disrupt enterocyte absorption (secretory diarrhea)

Question 38

toxin B action

Answer 38

cytotoxin damages enterocytes, (inhibit protein synthesis, disrupts cytoskeleton) --> inflammatoory diarrhea

Question 39

pseudomembrane formation

Answer 39

toxin A and toxin B needed

Question 40

pseudomembrane location

Answer 40

lesions in colon | may be at jxn of SI/LI

Question 41

antibiotic-associated diarrhea (antibiotics)

Answer 41

ampicillin clindamycin cephalosporins flouroquinolones

Question 42

antibiotic associated diarrhea Sx

Answer 42

watery/bloody diarrhea (secretory) abdominal cramps fever leukocytosis (inflammatory)

Question 43

pseudomembranous colitis

Answer 43

when AAD progresses and forms inflammatory plaques in colon

Question 44

pseudomembrane structure

Answer 44

fibrin, leukocytes and necrotic colonic cells

Question 45

B. anthracis characteristics

Answer 45

``` gram + rod endospores non-motile non-hemolytic (gamma) capsule (poly-D) tri-part toxin ```

Question 46

tri-part toxin components

Answer 46

protective antigen lethal factor (necrosis) edema factor

Question 47

GI anthrax incubation period

Answer 47

1 - 6 days

Question 48

GI anthrax Sx

Answer 48

abdominal pain, fever, vomiting, bloody diarrhea, shock (to death)

Question 49

GI anthrax mech

Answer 49

eat animal product w/ spores in it spores germinate in SI - release toxin toxin changes absorptive props (secretory diarrhea) lethal factor --> inflammatory diarrhea