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Neuro Infections Flashcards

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1
Q

rabies qualities

A

bullet shaped
(-) RNA
enveloped
zoonotic

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2
Q

rabies replication

A

attach to cells w/ G-protein surface spikes
endocytosis
replication in cytosol
bud

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3
Q

rabies prevention

A

vaccine

stray dog control

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4
Q

rabies pathology

A

local first
PNS to CNS
replicate in grey matter
travel in ANS –> lungs, kidner, salivary

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5
Q

rabies transmission

A

possible due to infected salivary glands

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6
Q

rabies incubation

A

usually 1 to 8 weeks

may be several months to years

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7
Q

rabies prevention

A

vaccine (pre-exposure = active)

stray dog control

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8
Q

rabies transmission

A

possible due to infected salivary glands

+ organ transplants

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9
Q

rabies incubation

A

usually 1 to 8 weeks

may be several months to years

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10
Q

rabies sx

A

abnormal sensation @ bite
fatal encephalitis
neuro degenration in spine/brain
hallucinations, seizures, paralysis, coma, hydrophobia

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11
Q

rabies tx

A

clinical symptoms? no Tx

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12
Q

rabies prophylaxis

A

pre exposure = active

post = passive (Igs) and active

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13
Q

rabies prophylaxis

A

pre exposure = active

post = passive (Igs) and active

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14
Q

polio virus qualities

A

(+) RNA

only 3 serotypes

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15
Q

polio pathology

A

replicate in GI
go to blood –> CNS (secondary)
acute - destroy LMNs

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16
Q

paralytic polio-myelitis acute sx

A

flaccid, assymetric weakness/paralysis

fever, headache, lymphocytes in CSF

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17
Q

types of polio

A

asymptomatic
abortive infection (minor)
non-paralytic (like aseptic meningitis)
paralytic

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18
Q

paralytic outcomes

A

permanent weakness in 2/3 paralytic pts

less likely in more severe

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19
Q

post-poliomyelitis syndrome

A

20-30% of pts that fully recover get weakness, pain, etc 25-30 yrs later

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20
Q

post-poliomyelitis syndrome

A

20-30% of pts that fully recover get weakness, pain, etc 25-30 yrs later

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21
Q

polio vaccinations

A

salk - inactivated

sabin - attenuated

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22
Q

polio tx

A

no specific antiviral

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23
Q

polio tx

A

no specific antiviral

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24
Q

arbovirus cycle

A

mosquitos get virus, give to birds, get back

can infect people/cows too

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25
alpha virus qualities
enveloped | (+) RNS
26
alphavirus diseases
eastern equine encephalitis (+ Western) | venezuelan equine encephalitis
27
alpha virus tx
no tx, mosquito control for prevention
28
EEE sx
fever, chills, weak, headache, irritability, nausea | coma, convulsions
29
EEE mortality
35%, only 10% recover fully
30
WEE mortality
5%
31
WEE sx
same as EEE
32
bunyavirus qualities
enveloped RNA
33
california encephalitis
mosquito transmitted primary viremia to spleen, liver, lymph secondary to CNS via BBB or choroid plexus --> meningitis, encephalitis
34
california encephalitis
mosquito transmitted primary viremia to spleen, liver, lymph secondary to CNS via BBB or choroid plexus --> meningitis, encephalitis
35
aseptic meningitis
meningitis, non-becterial
36
bunyavirus diseaase
CA encephalitis
37
flavavirus qualities
enveloped RNA 60 + virsuses
38
polio virus qualities
(+) RNA only 3 serotypes type I replication
39
flavavirus qualities
enveloped RNA 60 + virsuses type I replication
40
flavavirus diseases
``` yellow fever dengue fever west nile virus st. louis encephalitis japanese encephalitis ```
41
flavavirus replication
endocytosis | out in vesicles
42
west nile
usually self limiting fever, malaise, lymphedenopathy, rash meningitis (old esp)
43
st. louis encephalitis
``` flu like fatal encephalitis (5-30% mortality) ```
44
st. louis encephalitis
``` flu like fatal encephalitis (5-30% mortality) ```
45
polyomavirus
change cells into tumors (but not in humans)
46
polyomavirus diseases
BK and JC virus | ~80% of pop had Abs to one or both
47
JC
associated w/ progressive moltifocal leukemia (in immune def) rare, fatal, demyelinating (CNS) disease
48
BK
get respiratory --> kidneys hemorrhagic cystitis
49
BK
get respiratory --> kidneys hemorrhagic cystitis
50
kinds of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies
``` kuru creutzfiel-jacob gerstmann-straussler fatal familial insomnia scrapie (sheep) mad cow ```
51
bacterial meningitis agents
strep pneumoniae haemophilus influenzae neisseria meningitidis
52
neonatal bacterial meningitis agents
strep agalactiae e coli listeria monocytogenes
53
tetanus/botulism agents
clostridium tetani | clostridium botulinum
54
adult bact meningits sx
``` sudden fever severe headache stiff neck nausea, vomiting, confusion, photo sensitivity rashes - meningococcal meningitis ```
55
newborn bact meningitis sx
constant crying poor feeding sleeping constantly irritability
56
pneumococcal meningitis risk groups
60
57
pneumococcal meningitis risk factors
``` resp infections otitis media mastoiditis head trauma immune deficient asplenia sickle cell ```
58
pneumococcal meningitis risk factors
``` resp infections otitis media mastoiditis head trauma immune deficient asplenia sickle cell ```
59
pneumococcal meningitis mech
bact disseminate from blood, adhere to cerebro-cap endothelial replicate in meninges mac - cytokines (IL-1, TNF-alpha)
60
pneumococcal meningitis distinguishing features
prolonged fever hearing loss hydrocephalus
61
neisseria qualities
``` gram - non-motile ox + cat + aerobic ferment gluc and malt ```
62
neisseria meningitidis VF
``` polysacc capsule pilli LOS IgA protease outer membrane protesin ```
63
neisseria meningitidis VF
``` polysacc capsule pilli LOS IgA protease outer membrane protesin ```
64
meningococcal mech
``` droplet transmission 5-10% have in resp meningococci adhere to non-cilaited epi into blood w/ LOS -->. septicemia or meningitis ```
65
main immune against neisseria
complement
66
main immune against neisseria
complement
67
hallmark meningococcal
septicemia DIC petichial rashed
68
haemophilus influenzae - type b qualities
gram - rod fac anaerobe chocolate agar w/ NAD and factor X
69
haemophilus influenzae - type b VFs
polyribose capsule | IgA protease
70
haemophilus influenzae - type b mech
enter blood | invade meninges
71
haemophilus influenzae - type b risk group
mostly in non-immunized kids 1 mo - 3 yrs | sometimes w/ otitis media
72
strep agalactiae
gram + cocci beta hemolytic (arrowhead) GBS bactracin resistant
73
strep agalactiae
``` gram + cocci beta hemolytic (arrowhead) GBS bactracin resistant makes phospholipase ```
74
strep agalactiae VFs
``` polysacc capsule sialic acid (stop complement) C5a peptidase (stop complement) ```
75
strep agalactiae mech
50% preg give to infant @ birth (up w/ long labor, preterm, fever) neonnate: early --> pneumonia, late --> meningitis maternal infection postpartum
76
strep agalactiae prevention
screen, prophylactic penicillin
77
e. coli
``` gram - rod ox - motile fac anaerobe ferment lactose pink/red on macconkey ```
78
e. coli VFs
O antigen H antigen K antigen (kapsule) toxins
79
e. coli VFs
O antigen H antigen K antigen (kapsule) toxins
80
listeria monocytogenes
``` gram + rods no spores intracellular parasite fac anaerobe motile and not slight beta ```
81
listeria monocytogenes vfs
internalin (entry into cells) lysteriolysin (escape phagolysosome) ActA (actin tail)
82
listeria monocytogenes transmission
contaminated food/water | vertical
83
listeria monocytogenes path
GI into macs, escape phagolysosomes replicate in cyto pseudopod to go to next cell
84
immune against listeria monocytogenes
CD8 cells
85
listeriosis
if healthy - GI for 48 hrs | risk group --> meningitis
86
vertical listeriosis
70-90% transmission to child early (20-30% mortality) late (at birth - lower)
87
clostridium tetani
``` large blunt rods tennis racket spores motile (swarm) anaerobe (blood agar) common in soil ```
88
clostridium tetani
``` large blunt rods tennis racket spores motile (swarm) anaerobe (blood agar) common in soil ```
89
clostridium tetani Vfs
tetanus toxin metalloproteinase block GABA, glycine
90
tetanus
germninate in aerobic 7-21 day incubation lock jaw, back spasm, chest msucles
91
clostridium botulinum
7 serotypes spores in soil, water, fruits, veg germ in anaerobic, alkaline
92
clostridium botulinum vfs
``` most potent natural toxin resist gastric enzymes metalloproteinase target PNS block Ach release heat inactivates it ```
93
botulism
progressive flaccid paralysis symp 12-36 hrs post GI blurred vision, diff swallowing
94
botulism transmission
spores germinate, make toxin | you eat toxin
95
botulism in infants
get in gut (gut is still alkaline) constipation, leth, poor suckling flaccid paralysis

Microbiology (6 decks)

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