GI cancer

Question 1

Carcinoma arises from

Answer 1

epithelial cells

Question 2

Sarcoma arises from

Answer 2

connective tissue

Question 3

Leukemia arises from

Answer 3

bone marrow cells

Question 4

Lymphoma/myeloma arises from

Answer 4

immune cells

Question 5

what is an adenoma

Answer 5

comes from glandular tissue this is benign

Question 6

secondary cancer

Answer 6

where the cancer has metastasised to

Question 7

two main ways of metastasis

Answer 7

lymphatic/haematogenous

Question 8

rarer types of metastasis

Answer 8

direct and transcoelomic

Question 9

Krukenburg tumour

Answer 9

moves throught the GI tract to ovary

Question 10

cancer risk factors

Answer 10

Genetic influence
Carcinogens
Inflammation

Question 11

management of cancer general

Answer 11

Conservative
Medical management
Intervention
Surgical

Question 12

where is squamous cells oesophageal cancer

Answer 12

upper two thirds

Question 13

where is adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus

Answer 13

lower third

Question 14

what is squamous cell carcinoma caused by

Answer 14

smoking
alcohol
hot drinks

Question 15

investigation for oesophageal cancer

Answer 15

ODG

Question 16

management of oesophaeal cancer

Answer 16

Surgery - esophagectomy
Stent the oesophagus for eating
RFA - burn tumour cells
Chemotherapy

Question 17

most stomach cancers are

Answer 17

adenocarcinomas

Question 18

anaemia with stomach cancer

Answer 18

iron deficiency

Question 19

when do stomach cancer symptoms present

Answer 19

late

Question 20

stomach cancer symptoms

Answer 20

Early satiety
Bloating
Distension
Vomiting
dyspepsia

Question 21

stomcha cancer investigation

Answer 21

endoscopy

Question 22

Sister mary joseph nodule

Answer 22

spread of the stomach cancer to the umbilicus

Question 23

virchows node

Answer 23

sign of stomach cancer

Question 24

stomach cancer management

Answer 24

Chemo
Endoscopic mucosal resection
Gastrectomy

Question 25

liver cancers are commonly

Answer 25

secondary

Question 26

what are liver cancers usually secondary to

Answer 26

``` Bowel Pancreas Stomach Breast Ovary ```

Question 27

examples of liver cancers

Answer 27

hepatocellular carcinoma and cholangiocarcinoma

Question 28

cancer in patients with liver cirrhosis

Answer 28

hepatocellular carcinoma

Question 29

liver cancer symptoms

Answer 29

jaundice and coagulopathy

Question 30

liver investigations

Answer 30

CT

Question 31

liver management

Answer 31

``` chemo Biliary stenting RFA TACE Liver resection ```

Question 32

gall bladder cancer CT

Answer 32

calcified

Question 33

gall bladder cancer risk

Answer 33

chronic infection of the gallbladder

Question 34

gall bladder cancer symptoms

Answer 34

biliary colic, right upper quadrant pain worse after eating

Question 35

Extended cholescytectomy

Answer 35

removal of gall and some of the liver

Question 36

types of pancreatic cancer

Answer 36

Adenocarcinoma and IPMN

Question 37

pancreatic cancer symptoms

Answer 37

painless jaundice

Question 38

anal cancer cancer type

Answer 38

Squamous cells carcinoma

Question 39

rectal cancer risk factor

Answer 39

HPV exposure

Question 40

colon cancer management

Answer 40

Bowel surgery resection | Stent

Question 41

why is anal cancer easy to treat

Answer 41

early presentation

Question 42

best treatment for anal cancer

Answer 42

chemotherapy and radiotherapy

Question 43

where do colon cancers usually metastasize and why

Answer 43

liver | portal venous drainage

Question 44

colon cancer investigations

Answer 44

Colonoscopy, CT and MRI

Question 45

right colon cancer symptoms

Answer 45

Anaemia Mass Pain

Question 46

right colon cancer anaemia

Answer 46

iron deficient

Question 47

left colon symptoms

Answer 47

Bleeding Change in bowel habit obstruction

Question 48

rectal symptoms

Answer 48

Bleeding | Tenesmus

Question 49

Tenesmus

Answer 49

still need a poo

Question 50

colon cancer genetics

Answer 50

FAP and HNPCC

Question 51

why do you get painless jaundice in pancreatic cancer

Answer 51

pancreatic duct and common bile duct is blocked

Question 52

which pancreas cancers have better outcomes

Answer 52

head - earlier picked up

Question 53

Double duct sign

Answer 53

dilatation of common bile duct and pancreatic duct seen on CT/MRI

Question 54

investigation for pancreatic cancer

Answer 54

EUS

Question 55

pancreatic cancer treatment

Answer 55

Whipple's operation - rare | Stent bile duct for symptom control

Question 56

most small bowel are

Answer 56

adenocarcinomas

Question 57

outcome of small bowel

Answer 57

bad as no symptoms

Question 58

small bowel investigation

Answer 58

CT MRI

Question 59

large bowel genetic predisposition

Answer 59

FAP and HNPCC

Question 60

first line treatment for anal cancer

Answer 60

chemotherapy and radiotherapy

Question 61

why do you remove the whole right colon in cecum cancer

Answer 61

arterial supply is removed