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Pathopharm: Spring > GI Disorders > Flashcards

GI Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

What is GERD

A

Stomach acid comes into the esophagus

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2
Q

What are the two etiologies of GERD

A

Decreased TONE or increased gastric PRESSURE

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3
Q

What can cause a decerased tone for GERD

A

Foods: alcohol, chocolate, peppermint, caffeine, fatty foods
Drugs: morphine, diazepam, anticholinergic
NICOTINE

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4
Q

What can cause increased gasric pressure

A

OBESTITY, PREGNANCY, LARGE meals, layingFLAT after eating

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5
Q

What are the clinical manifestations

A

Heartburn (PYROSIS), DYSPEPSIA (indigestion), REGURGITATION (verping)

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6
Q

What are the mild symptoms of GERD

A

Heartburn after a MEAL, occurs ONCE a week, no DAMAGE

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7
Q

What are the respiratory symptoms of GERD

A

Wheezing, coughing, dyspnes

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8
Q

What are the otolaryngologic symptoms included in GERD

A

Harseness, sore throat, lump in throat, choking

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9
Q

Tell me about GERD related chest pain

A

BURNING, SQUEEZING, BACK, NECK, JAW, mimics ANGINA, OLDER adults, relieved with ANTACIDS

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10
Q

What is the definition of paptic ulcer disease

A

GROUP of UPPER GI disorders, EROSION to the gut WALL, can LEAD to HEMORRHAGE and PERFORATION

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11
Q

How does perforation occur in peptic ulcer disease

A

The mucous lining protects acid from getting to tissues and then ACID eats through and LEAKS

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12
Q

What are the cause of peptic ulcer disease

A

Imbalance between MUCOSAL and AGGRESSIVE factors

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13
Q

What are the agressive factors of paptic ulcers

A

H. pylori, stays in GI for a long time

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14
Q

What do most people with PUD have

A

H. pylori infection

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15
Q

What else can H. pylori cause

A

Gestric cancer

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16
Q

How to treat H. pylori

A

ABX

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17
Q

Why do NSAIDs cause PUD

A

Reduce blood FLOW, MUCUS, and bicarb

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18
Q

Why does gastric acid cause PUD

A

Injuries cells of the GI mucose and activities PEPSIN

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19
Q

Why does smoking cause PUD

A

DALAYS ulcer healign

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20
Q

What are the symptoms of PUD

A

Hematemesis, melena, SHOCK

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21
Q

What is the treament of PUD

A

IV fluids, BLOOD, ENDOSCOPY, MEDS

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22
Q

What are the medications for ulcers and GERD

A

ABX, antisecretory agents, mucosal pretectants, antacids, Histamine2 receptor antagonists

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23
Q

When do you use ABX for GERD or PUD

A

H. pylori

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24
Q

What are some prophylaxis treatment for GERD and PUD

A

PPIS, Misoprostol

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25
What are the first-choice drugs for treating upper ulcers
Histamine receptros antagonists
26
What are the most effective drugs for suppressing secretion of acid
Proton pump inhibitors
26
What do histamine receptor antagonists
Promote healing by SUPRESSING secretion of ACID
27
How do antacids work
React with acid to produce neutral salts
28
Which antacid alters systemic pH
Sodium bicarb
29
What is constipation
Hard stools, infrequent stools, excessive straining, prolonged effort, incomplete evacuation
30
What are some treatments for constipaiton
Volume, stool softeners, stimulate
31
What is proper bowel function is highly dependent on
Dietray fiber
32
What does dietary fiber do
Absorbs WATER
33
What must you always give with an increase in fiber
Fluids
34
Tell me about taxative abuse
MISCONCEPTION about daily bowel movements, PERPETUATE, take a long time to EVACUATION again
35
What is diarrhea
Stools of excesive volume and fluidity increased frequency
36
What are some causes of diarrhea
Infection, maldigestion, inflammation, functional disorders
37
What are the complications of diarrhea
Dehydration and electrolyte depletion
38
What can cause constapation
Low fiber diet
39
What do you need to take together when traveling
Antidirrheal and ABX
40
What is the managment of diarrhea
Treat UNDERLYING disease, replace WATER and SALTS, relief CRAMPING, reduce passage of STOOLS
41
What are the two major groups of antidiarrheals
Non/specific
42
What is the management of infectious diarrhea
Usally SELF-LIMITING, NO treatment, ABX
43
What is E. coli
Self-limiting
44
What is hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver, most commonly caused by VIRAL infections
45
What are the clinical manifestations of hepatitis
Tires, weight loss, RUQ pain, RASHES, JAUNDICE
46
What are the nutrition managements for hepatitis
INCREASE calories, STIMULATE appetite, FLUIDS, VITAMINS
47
What are the activity managements for hepatitis
Rest periods with activity
48
What other meds can you give hepatitiis pts
Antiemetics
49
What is cirrhosis
Chronic damage leads to scar tissue which means blood can't filter through it
50
What are the two types of cirrhosis
ETOH- alcohol NAFLD- Non-alboholic fatty liver disease
51
What kind of obstruction can happen with cirrhosis
Bile backs up into liver
52
What are the manifestations of cirrhosis
Fatigue, itching, swelling, jaundive, ascites (fluid build up in abdomen, portal HTN, leaky), hepatic encephalopathy (increased anomia levels)
53
How to treat ascites
Restrict SODIUM, ALBUMIN, DIURETICS, PARACENTESIS
54
What is paracantesis
Big needle
55
What are the two gallbladder diseases
Cholelithiasis- STONES Cholecystitis- INFLAMMATION, associated with stones
56
Tell me about cholelithiasis
Stones are CAUSED by change in COMPOSITON or change in FLOW Can MIGRATE to CYSTIC or COMMON bile DUCT, causes PAIN
57
What are the clinical manifestations of cholelithiasis
After big MEAL, RUQ or epiGASTRIC pain, adbominal RIGIDITY MOVING: STEADY, EXCRUCIATING, TACHYCARDIC, DIAPHORESIS, SHOULDER, residual TENDERNESS, AFTER MEAL
58
What is the managment of a gall bladder disease
PAIN control, antiEMETICS, ANTICHOLINERGICS, cholecystECTOMY
59
What would anticholinergics do for gall bladder issues
Decrease SECRETION, decrease SPAMSMS
60
What happens in acute pancreatitis
SPILLAGE of ENZYMES into tissue causing autoDIGESTION and PAIN
61
What are the clinical manifestations of acute pancreatitis
PAIN, BACK, SUDDEN, PIERCING, worse with EATING, not relived with VOMITING, JAUNDICE, DANCING in bed
62
What is the management of acute pancreatitis
OPIOIDS, NPO, antACIDS, PPIs, NG tube to DECOMPRESS
63
What is the most common disorder of GI tract
IBS
64
What is IBS
CRAMPING, DIARRHEA, CONSTIPATION, BOTH, 12 WEEKS
65
What is IBD
IMMUNE response
66
What are the diseases with IBD
Crohn's, UC
67
What is Crohn's
All parts of GI, deep fissures
68
What is UC
COLON and RECTUM, rectal BLEEDING, hospitalization
69
What are the drugs for IBD
5-aminosalicylates glucocorticoids immunosuppressants immunomodulators antibiotics

Pathopharm: Spring (16 decks)

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