Neurological Alterations

Question 1

What causes these
Decrease LOC
HA
Vomiting

Answer 1

Pressure on RAS
Stretch of vessels
Pressure on emetic center

Question 2

Why do pupils dialate in increased ICP

Answer 2

Pressure on CN III

Question 3

What do you need for mannitol (OSMOTIC diuretics)

Answer 3

FILTER tubing

Question 4

What other meds can you use for increased ICP

Answer 4

Steroids (dexamethasone) (tumors), antiseizure meds (phyenytonin)

Question 5

What are the causes of hydrocephalus

Answer 5

Communicating and non-communicating, increased fluid produciton, acute trauma

Question 6

What is communicating hydrocephalus

Answer 6

Bad REABSORPTION

Question 7

What is non-communicating

Answer 7

OBSTRUCITION of CSF flow

Question 8

What is the treatment of hydrocephalus

Answer 8

Ventricular-peritoneal VP shunt

Question 9

What are the three different types of head treuma

Answer 9

Deformation, acceleration, deceleration

Question 10

What is deforemation trauma

Answer 10

Deformaiton of skull
Ex. fracture, penetrating injury, GSW

Question 11

What is an acceleration trauma

Answer 11

IMMOBILE head struck with a moving object
COUP, damage right at the sight

Question 12

What is COUP

Answer 12

Acceleration, BASEBALL hurts right in that area of the brain

Question 13

What is deceleration

Answer 13

Head is moving and hits somehting that is still, CONTRECOUP, hurts on opposite

Question 14

What is CONTRECOUP

Answer 14

The opposite area is hurt because the brain goes and hits the back, DECELERATION

Question 15

What are we worried about in brain truama

Answer 15

Tear in dura leading the CSF leak

Question 16

Tell me about a depressed skull fracture

Answer 16

Palpable, fragments may damage brain further, SURGERY

Question 17

Tell me about a basilar skill fracture

Answer 17

Frontal and temporal lobes
BATTLE SIGN and RACCOON EYES

Question 18

What is a linear skill fracture

Answer 18

Thin lines usally does not need anything

Question 19

What causes a concussion

Answer 19

Sudden movement of the brain

Question 20

What is a concussion

Answer 20

No break in skull or dura

Question 21

What are the S+S of a concussion

Answer 21

HA, dizzy, N+V, ratrograde amnesia

Question 22

What causes a contusion

Answer 22

TORN blood VESSELS that result in hemorrhage and bruising

Question 23

What do contusions lead to

Answer 23

Edema and increased ICP

Question 24

What is a transient ischemic attack (TIAS)

Answer 24

Can happen once or in series, TEMPORARY reduction in blood flow to the brain

Question 25

What is the pathophysiology of TIA

Answer 25

partial occlusion, small embolus, spasm, loos of autoregulation

Question 26

What are teh S+S of a TIA

Answer 26

Intermittent SHORT epidose of impaired funtion, WEAKNESS, NUMBNESS in face, ASPASIA, related to location

Question 27

What another name for cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs)

Answer 27

Stroke

Question 28

What is a stroke

Answer 28

Occlusion of a brain vessle or repture

Question 29

What is the time of ischemia to cause irreversible nerve cell damage

Answer 29

5 mins

Question 30

What are the three types of CVAs

Answer 30

Occlusion, obstruction, hemorrhage

Question 31

Tell me abou tan occlusive CVA

Answer 31

Develop in LARGE arteries, ATHEROMA

Question 32

Sudden OBSTRUCTION

Answer 32

EMBOLUS, lodging in artery

Question 33

Tell me about hemorrhage CVA

Answer 33

HTN causes rupture, effect BOTH hemisphers

Question 34

What does the S+S of CVAs depend on

Answer 34

Location of obstruction

Question 35

What is the assessment for stroke

Answer 35

NIHSS

Question 36

What is the treatment for strokes

Answer 36

CLOT-busting, SURGERY, glucococritcoids, supportice

Question 37

What does left brain damage cause

Answer 37

Speech, slow, lauguage, distress about the disability

Question 38

What does right brain damage cause

Answer 38

spatial deficits, quick, peroframance deficits, indifference to disability

Question 39

What causes parkinson's disease

Answer 39

Imbalance between DOPAMINE and ACH

Question 40

Is there a cure for parkinson's

Answer 40

No

Question 41

What are S+S for parkinson's

Answer 41

DYSKINESIAS, tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, depression, psychosis

Question 42

What TRAP mean

Answer 42

Parkinson's tremor, rigidity, akinesia, posture

Question 43

Talk more about the pathopysiology of parkonsins

Answer 43

Degeneration of dopamine nerous cause Ach to cause lots of GABA leading to the motor issues

Question 44

What are the therapeutic goals for parkinson's

Answer 44

Improve ADLS

Question 45

What are the drug therapies for parkinson's disease

Answer 45

Dopaminergic agents, dipamine agonist, antichiolinergic agents

Question 46

What is multiple sclerosis

Answer 46

Progressive demyelination of neurons

Question 47

What does MS cause

Answer 47

motor, sensory and autonomic fibers

Question 48

What is the path of MS

Answer 48

AUTOIMMUNE disorder damages the CNS

Question 49

What are the S+S of MS

Answer 49

Numbness, tingling, fatigue, spaspms, weakness, vision issues, pain, walking issues

Question 50

What are the drugs for disease-modifying therapy for MS

Answer 50

Immuno-modulators/suppressants

Question 51

What are the drugs for treating an acute episode for MS

Answer 51

Glucocorticoid, gamma globulin