GI drugs

Question 1

neurotransmitter for sympathetic system and what it does gi

Answer 1

noradrenaline and dopamine does inhibits peristalsis

Question 2

neurotransmitter for parasympathetic system and what it does to gi

Answer 2

acetylcholine and it increases peristalsis and contractions

Question 3

what do cholinergic drugs cause

Answer 3

spasm and diarrhoea

Question 4

what do anti-cholinergic drugs do

Answer 4

dry mouth and constipation

Question 5

what do dopaminergic drugs do

Answer 5

cause nausea as inhibit peristalsis

Question 6

what do anti-dopaminergic drugs do

Answer 6

prokinetic and antimetic

Question 7

drugs for constipation

Answer 7

bulk forming fibre
stimulant laxatives
osmotic laxatives
faecal softners eg arachis oil

Question 8

drugs for diarrhoea

Answer 8

anti-motility

anti-cholinergic

Question 9

drugs that cause constipation

Answer 9

laxative abuse
opioids
anticholinergics (antispasmodics, antidepressants, neuroleptics)
ca channel blockers
diuretic dehydration
antiemetics 
all salts

Question 10

triple therapy for GI

Answer 10

metronidazole
amoxicillin (or vancomycin)
gentamicin

Question 11

what are pancreatic enzyme supplements

Answer 11

eg pancreatin

contain lipase, protease and amylase

Question 12

omeprazole dosage

Answer 12

20mg once daily oral 4 weeks

or x2 for h.pylori

Question 13

action of omeprazole

Answer 13

blocks final step in H+ ion secretion by the H+/K atpase

Question 14

adverse reaction to omeprazole

Answer 14

diarrhoea

gi upset

Question 15

3 antacids

Answer 15

al hydroxide
mg carbonate
ca carbonate

Question 16

action of antacids

Answer 16

neutralise gastric acid

Question 17

otc antacids

Answer 17

rennie settlers and tums

Question 18

dosage antacids

Answer 18

10ml 3-4x

Question 19

adverse antacids

Answer 19

mg=laxative
al=constipating
ca=hypercalcaemia

Question 20

how do alginates work

Answer 20

form a raft at the top of the lower oesophageal sphincter

Question 21

what is cimetidine

Answer 21

h2 receptor antagonist

Question 22

what is cyclizine

Answer 22

anti-emetic

anti-histamine

Question 23

how does cimetidine work

Answer 23

blocks the h2 receptor on gastric parietal cell to prevent histamine binding and acid secretion

Question 24

dosage cimetidine

Answer 24

400mg 6hrl by mouth 4-8 weeks

Question 25

adverse cimetidine

Answer 25

diarrhoea and gi upset confusion drug interaction through cyp450

Question 26

what drugs does cimetidine inhibit 5

Answer 26

``` warfarin phenytoid carbamazepine valproate theophylline ```

Question 27

first line h.pylori regime

Answer 27

lansoprazole 30mgx2 daily amoxicillin 1gx2 clarithromycin 500mmg x2 all three for 1 week

Question 28

second line h.pylori regime

Answer 28

lansoprazole 30mgx2 clarithromycin 500mgx2 metronidazole 400mg x2

Question 29

third line h.pylori

Answer 29

14 days - lansoprazole - tripotassium dicitratobismuthate 120mg - amoxicillin - tetracycline 500mg x4

Question 30

name a mucosal protectant

Answer 30

sucralfate

Question 31

nsaid induced ulceration give....

Answer 31

misoprostol | pge analogue

Question 32

drugs that are anticholinergics and cause constipation and give examples

Answer 32

antidepressants-tricyclics antispasmodics-mebeverine neuroleptics

Question 33

bulk forming drugs

Answer 33

isphagula husk adds fibre

Question 34

anti-motility drugs examples

Answer 34

loperamide opioids eg codeine co-phenotrope (atropine)

Question 35

how does loperamide work

Answer 35

acts on the opioid receptors found in the muscle lining wall of the intestines to reduce peristalsis diahrrhoea relief

Question 36

adverse loperamide

Answer 36

dizziness constipation sleepiness vomiting

Question 37

what is co-phenotrope

Answer 37

diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate (blocks nerve signals and muscarinic receptor antagonist) used for anti-motility

Question 38

adverse for co-phenotrope

Answer 38

dry mouth constipation drowsiness

Question 39

4 main anti-emetics

Answer 39

``` phenothiazines -prochlorperazine dopamine antagonists -metoclopramide -domperidone antihistamines -cyclizine 5ht3 antagonists -ondansetron ```

Question 40

2 osmotic laxatives

Answer 40

lactulose and polythyelene glycol

Question 41

2 stimulant laxatives

Answer 41

senna and biscodyl

Question 42

adverse spironlactone

Answer 42

gynaecomastia hyponatraemia aki hyperkalaemia : potassium sparing

Question 43

adverse furosemide

Answer 43

hypokalaemia hyponatraemia alkalosis incontinence

Question 44

what is mesalazine and sulfasalzine

Answer 44

both 5-ASA aminosalicylates

Question 45

adverse 5-asa

Answer 45

haematopoiesis depressed photosensitivity azoospermia hypersensitivity

Question 46

what is infliximab

Answer 46

blocks TNFalpha severe active CD iv infusion

Question 47

adverse infliximab

Answer 47

hypersensitivity

Question 48

what is choelsterylamine and ursodeoxycholic acid used for

Answer 48

``` choelsterylamine= itchinees ursodeoxycholic= pbc ```