gi neoplasia and tnm

Question 1

barrett’s metaplasia is

Answer 1

change from stratified squamous to simple columnar

Question 2

2 types of oesophageal cancers

Answer 2

adenocarcinoma from Barrett’s seen in lower 1/3
and
stratified squamous seen in upper

Question 3

what is GIST

Answer 3

gastro-intestinal stromal tumour meaning anywhere in tissue

Question 4

what cells are gist found in

Answer 4

interstitial cells of cajal

Question 5

treatment for gist and how it works

Answer 5

imatinib binds to c-kit a tyrosine kinase to prevent activation

Question 6

appearance of gist biopsy

Answer 6

spindle cell pattern

Question 7

what tumour is assoc. to coeliacs

Answer 7

enteropathy type t cell lymphoma

Question 8

what is the marker for t cell lymphoma

Answer 8

cd3

Question 9

most common tumour of the appendix and what does it secrete

Answer 9

carcinoid tumour -neuroendocrine

secretes serotonin

Question 10

what size does an appendix tumour have to be to be worrying

Answer 10

> 2cm

Question 11

most common pancreatic cancer

Answer 11

pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Question 12

cholangiocarcinoma marker

Answer 12

cd19-9

Question 13

which type of gastric cancer produces mucin

Answer 13

signet cell cancer

Question 14

cause of anal carcinoma

Answer 14

HPV type 6,11 and 16
anoreceptive intercourse
immunosuppression eg hiv

Question 15

pathology of anal carcinoma

Answer 15

• ain anal intra-epithelial neoplasia
• squamous
• adenocarcinoma
• basaloid
• small cell
• malignant melanoma

Question 16

presentation anal carcinoma

Answer 16

ulcer
watery lesion
pruritus
pain
bleeding

Question 17

treatment of anal carcinoma

Answer 17

• local excision if t1 or t2
• chemo radiotherapy for invasive
• abdomino-perineal excision

Question 18

tumour staging

Answer 18

t0 no evidence
tis CARCINOMA in situ
t1-solitary tumour no vascular invasion <3cm
t2- solitary tumour >3cm
t3-tumour any size but has invasion
t4
or done by invasion through mucosa-submucosa-mucscularis propria- adventitia-adjacent organs

Question 19

lymph node staging

Answer 19

no no lymph nodes
n1=fewer than 4 regional lymph nodes
n2=more than 4
n3=distant nodes

Question 20

metastases staging

Answer 20

mo= none

m1=metastasis

Question 21

carcinoma of the gallbladder who is it most common in and what is the most common type

Answer 21

females over 70

most adenocarcinomas

Question 22

risk factor for a carcinoma of the gallbladder

Answer 22

• gallstones
• calcified gallbladder: porcelain gallbladder
• polyps >1cm
• salmonella

Question 23

where are cholangiocarcinomas found

Answer 23

• intrahepatic bile ducts
• liver hilum confluence of hepatic ducts
• distal common bile ducts

Question 24

risk factors for cholangiocarcinomas

Answer 24

-gallstones and PSC

Question 25

symptoms of cholangiocarcinoma

Answer 25

ruq pain and weight loss

Question 26

marker for cholangiocarcinoma

Answer 26

CA19-9

Question 27

TREATMENT OF cholangiocarcinom

Answer 27

surgical excision of tree without liver resection

Question 28

carcinoma of the ampulla of vater symptoms

Answer 28

``` pain anaemia vomiting weight loss jaundice ```

Question 29

treatment of carcinoma at the ampulla of vater

Answer 29

pancreaticduodenectomy