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Pharmacology Test 2 Material > GI Drugs > Flashcards

GI Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Omeprazole

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Hyperacidity & Ulcers

2) Irreversibly inhibits the proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase)

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2
Q

Esomerprazole

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Hyperacidity & Ulcers

2) Irreversibly inhibits the proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase)

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3
Q

Lansoprazole

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Hyperacidity & Ulcers

2) Irreversibly inhibits the proton pump (H+/K+ ATPase)

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4
Q

Famotidine

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Nocturnal Acid Secretion & Duodenal Ulcers

2) Blocks baseline acid secretion maintained by ECL cells (histamine)

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5
Q

Ranitidine

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Nocturnal Acid Secretion & Duodenal Ulcers

2) Blocks baseline acid secretion maintained by ECL cells (histamine)

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6
Q

Cimetidine

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Nocturnal Acid Secretion & Duodenal Ulcers

2) Blocks baseline acid secretion maintained by ECL cells (histamine) *Decreases CYP metabolism

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7
Q

Misoprostol

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1)Prevent NSAID induced injury d/t COX-1 inhibition 2)acts on prostaglandin E receptors (EP3) to activate mucus & bicarb production in epithelial cells of GI and blocks cAMP production thereby decreasing H+ secretion by parietal cells Contraindicated in PREGNANCY!

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8
Q

Sucralfate

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Stress Ulcers (like a bandaid)

2) Sticky neutral pH polymer coating that swells & covers the epithelium of GI tract

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9
Q

Aluminum Hydroxide

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Gastric Acid reduction

2) Neutralizes the pH of gastric contents-delays emptying & slow motility

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10
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Gastric Acid reduction

2) Neutralizes the pH of gastric contents-stimulates emptying & motility

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11
Q

Calcium Carbonate

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Gastric Acid reduction

2) Neutralizes the pH of gastric contents

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12
Q

Tegaserod

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) IBS in females, chronic constipation, bloating
2) Partial 5-HT4 agonist-Stimulate serotonin receptors (5-HT4) in the gastric epithelium causing release of serotonin from ECL cells & stimulation of primary afferent neurons FATAL cardiac arrhythmias

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13
Q

Cisapride

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) GERD, gastroparesis
2) 5-HT4 agonist and adenylate cyclase stimulant (increased cAMP-Stimulate serotonin receptors (5-HT4) in the gastric epithelium causing release of serotonin from ECL cells & stimulation of primary afferent neurons FATAL cardiac arrhythmias

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14
Q

Bethanechol

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Enhance GI motility

2) Cholinergic agonist-selectively activate M2/M3 receptors to stimulate GI smooth muscle constriction

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15
Q

Neostigmine

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Ileus

2) Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor-inhibits AChE so ACh can stimulate constriction of GI smooth muscle

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16
Q

Metaclopramide

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1)GERD, N/V in dysmotility syndromes, laxative, induced nausea
2)Dopamine2 Receptor antagonist-blocks D2 so increases ACh release which increases lower esophageal sphincter tone & upper Gi motility
Centrally acts on CTZ center

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17
Q

Erythromycin

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Ileus, Acute pseudo-obstructions

2) Imitate motilin, a peptide hormone that amplifies motor activity through enteric neurons & smooth muscle

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18
Q

Polyethylene glycol (PEG)

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Constipation

2) Osmotic Laxative-Non-absorbable agents that cause water retention

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19
Q

Magnesium hydroxide/sulfate/citrate

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Constipation
2) Osmotic Laxative-Non-absorbable agents that cause water retention, may also stimulate CCK receptors & increase motility

20
Q

Lactulose/Sorbitol/Mannitol

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Opioid-associated Constipation

2) Osmotic Laxative-Non-absorbable agents that cause water retention

21
Q

Glycerin

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Constipation

2) Osmotic laxative when given RECTALLY

22
Q

Docusate Salt

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Constipation

2) Stool wetting agent-surfactants that mix fatty substances & water in stool

23
Q

Bisacodyl

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Constipation

2) Irritant-induces moderate inflammation leading to decreased water absorption and increased motility

24
Q

Methylcellulose

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Regular soft stools

2) fiber-based bulk forming material stimulates peristalsis/mass action Good for constipation & diarrhea

25
Q

Psyllium

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Regular soft stools

2) fiber-based bulk forming material stimulates peristalsis/mass action Good for constipation & diarrhea

26
Q

Polycarbophil

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Regular soft stools

2) fiber-based bulk forming material stimulates peristalsis/mass action Good for constipation & diarrhea

27
Q

Diphenoxylate

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Diarrhea
2) Opioid receptor agonists-reduce motility to increase transit time & water absorption has CNS effects, usually packaged w/Atropine

28
Q

Loperamide

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Diarrhea

2) Opioid receptor agonists-reduce motility to increase transit time & water absorption

29
Q

Octreotide

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Diarrhea d/t hormone secreting tumors, chemotherapy, or post-surgical dumping syndrome
2) Somatostatin Analog-reduces secretion of GI hormones

30
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) H.Pylori treatment

2) Unabsorbed anti-inflammatory & anti-microbial agent

31
Q

Alosetron

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Diarrhea dominat Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

2) 5-HT3 Antagonist

32
Q

Ondasetron

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Chemotherapy induced N/V

2) Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist- centrally acting on CTZ & STN centers

33
Q

Granisetron

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Chemotherapy induced N/V

2) Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist- centrally acting on CTZ & STN centers

34
Q

Dolasetron

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Chemotherapy induced N/V

2) Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist- centrally acting on CTZ & STN centers

35
Q

Palanosetron

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Chemotherapy induced N/V

2) Serotonin (5-HT3) receptor antagonist- centrally acting on CTZ & STN centers PARENTERAL use only

36
Q

Prochlorperazine

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) N/V (some motion sickness benefits)

2) D2 selective in CTZ and H1 receptors (of inner ear)

37
Q

Chlorpromazine

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) N/V (some motion sickness benefits)

2) D2 selective in CTZ and H1 receptor antagonist (of inner ear)

38
Q

Cyclizine

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Motion sickness, post-op emesis

2) H1 receptor antagonist (of inner ear)

39
Q

Promethazine

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Motion sickness, post-op emesis

2) H1 receptor antagonist (of inner ear)

40
Q

Diphenhydramine (Dimenhydrinate)

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Motion sickness, post-op emesis

2) H1 receptor antagonist (of inner ear)

41
Q

Scopalamine

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Motion sickness, post-op emesis

2) Anticholinergic- Muscarinic receptor antagonist (of inner ear)

42
Q

Predisone

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Acute exacerbations or Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ulcerative Colitis/Crohn’s)
2) Block Immune & Inflammatory response

43
Q

Budesonide

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Acute exacerbations or Severe Inflammatory Bowel Disease (Ulcerative Colitis/Crohn’s)
2) Block Immune & Inflammatory response
* Oral as a topical treatment in the bowel*

44
Q

Azathioprine

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Maintain remission of UC/CD

2) Immunosuppressant- inhibits DNA synthesis by inhibiting purine nucleotide synthesis

45
Q

Adalimumab

1) Use
2) Mechanism of Action

A

1) Maintain remission of UC/CD

2) Immunosuppressant- Fully human antibody to TNF alpha

Pharmacology Test 2 Material (10 decks)

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