GI drugs II Flashcards
(39 cards)
1
Q
Methylcellulose
A
- bulk forming laxative
- Non digestible fiber bulk induces peristalsis
- absorbs other drugs, worsens bowel obstructions.
2
Q
Polycarbophil
A
- bulk forming laxative
- Non digestible fiber bulk induces peristalsis
- absorbs other drugs, worsens bowel obstructions.
3
Q
psylium
A
- bulk forming laxative
- Non digestible fiber bulk induces peristalsis
- absorbs other drugs, worsens bowel obstructions.
4
Q
Bismuth subsalicyclate
A
- antidiarrheal agent (pepto bismol)
- mechanism not understood
- Naturally pink/safe.
5
Q
diphenoxylate
A
- antidiarrheal agent
- opioid with CNS effects
- packaged with atropine to discourage abuse.
6
Q
loperamine
A
- antidiarrheal agent
- opioid WITHOUT CNS effects
- 50x more powerful than morphine
7
Q
octreotide (AKA Somatostatin)
A
- antidiarrheal agent
- inhibits gastrin and serotonin decreasing motility
- used for: tumors
8
Q
chlorpromazine
A
-anti nausea/antiemetic agent
-D2 and H1 antagonist in CTZ
-effective: motion sickness, chemotherapy.
-may cause parkinson like symptoms
(not as effective as metoclopramide for chemotherapy induced nausea)
9
Q
cyclizine
A
- antiemetic agent
- H1 receptor antagonist
- useful with abdominal cancer patients
10
Q
dimenhydrinate
A
- antiemetic agent (Dramamine)
- H1 receptor blocker
11
Q
dolasetron
A
- antiemetic agent
- 5HT receptor antagonist which prevents CTZ and STN stimulation.
- 8 hours
12
Q
hydroxyzine
A
- antiemetic agent
- H1 receptor antagonist
13
Q
granisetron
A
- antiemetic agent
- 5HT receptor antagonist which prevents CTZ and STN stimulation.
- 10 hours
14
Q
metoclopramide
A
- antiemetic agent
- dopamine receptor antagonist
- Chemo induced nausea, antiphychotic agent.
15
Q
ondansetron
A
- antiemetic agent
- 5HT receptor antagonist which prevents CTZ and STN stimulation.
- 4 hours
16
Q
palonosetron
A
-antiemetic agent
-5HT receptor antagonist which prevents CTZ and STN stimulation.
-40 hours and parenteral only.
(unique b/c excreted both by liver and kidney unlike the other emetics which are only liver)
17
Q
prochlorperazine
A
- anti nausea/antiemetic agent
- D2 and H1 antagonist in CTZ
- effective: motion sickness, chemotherapy.
- may cause parkinson like symptoms
18
Q
promethazine
A
- anti nausea/antiemetic agent
- -H1 receptor antagonist
- widely used for post op emesis and motion sickness.
19
Q
scopalamine
A
- antiemetic agent
- Muscarinic Ach antagonist that acts primarily on the vestibular apparatus (inner ear)
- Very effective for short term motion sickness
- may cause uncontrolled behavior.
20
Q
apomorphine
A
- emetic agent (dopamine agonist)
- acts locally and on CTZ
- only given sub Q, replaced by charcoal.
21
Q
ipecac
A
- emetic agent
- acts on CTZ
- replaced by charcoal.
22
Q
6-mercaptopurine
A
- bowel disease
- Prevents DNA synthesis (converted to 6-thioguanine)
- used with UC and Crohn’s for remission, also for fistulas, can cause pancreatitis and bone marrow suppression.
23
Q
adalimumab
A
- bowel disease
- Anti TNF antibodies
- Mantain UC and Crohn remission, increased risk for upper respiratory tract infections.
24
Q
alosetron
A
- bowel disease
- 5HT3 antagonist
- used to treat diarrhea. (recall serotonin speeds up intestinal transit time)
25
azathioprine
- bowel disease
- Prevents DNA synthesis (converted to 6-thioguanine)
- used with UC and Crohn's for remission, also for fistulas, can cause pancreatitis and bone marrow suppression.
26
budesonide
- Glucocorticoid (topical inside bowel)
- inhibit immune and inflammatory response.
- not absorbed from GI
27
infliximab
- bowel disease
- Anti TNF antibodies (Humanized mouse antibody)
- Mantain UC and Crohn remission, increased risk for upper respiratory tract infections.
28
mesalamine
- IBD treatment (UC and Crohn's)
- (AKA 5 amino salicylic acid)
- active component that acts by decreasing TNF alpha activity.
- activated in small intestine, may cause nephritis
29
olsalazine
- IBD treatment (UC and Crohn's)
- Inactive precursor converted to MESALAMINE which act by decreasing TNF alpha activity.
- active in colon only
30
prednisone
- Glucocorticoid
- decrease immune and inflammation response
- cushing syndrome.
31
sulfasalazine
- IBD treatment (UC and crohn's)
- Inactive precursor converted to MESALAMINE which act by decreasing TNF alpha activity.
- active in colon, sulfa side effects, do not us in pregnancy.
32
Bisacodyl
-irritant laxative
-acts on small intestine to increase motility
-
33
castor oil
- irritant laxative
- smooth muscle stimulant in the small intestine.
- Low dose=laxative, High=cathartic
34
glycerin
- irritant laxative
| - evacuation reflex
35
Docusate
- stool wetting agent
- surfactant that allows mixing of fat and water in stools.
- soften but do not increase frequency
36
lactulose
- osmotic cathartic/laxative
- Non absorbable agents (pull water into lumen)
- Use: opioid and vincristine induced
- Avoid: renal & cardiac disease
37
mannitol
- osmotic cathartic/laxative
- Non absorbable agents (pull water into lumen)
- Use: opioid and vincristine induced
- Avoid: renal & cardiac disease
38
sorbitol
- osmotic cathartic/laxative
- Non absorbable agents (pull water into lumen)
- Use: opioid and vincristine induced constipation
- Avoid: renal & cardiac disease
39
Diphenhydramine
- antiemetic (benedryl)
- H1 receptor antagonist
- dosed as DIPHENHYDRINATE salt for dramamine.
