GI Exam Review Flashcards

1
Q

What structure can be visualized in a sagittal scan plane, posterior to the left lobe of the liver, anterior to the aorta?

A

Gastroesophageal junction

GEJ

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2
Q

This 4 functions of the GI tract

A
  1. Digestion
  2. Wast
  3. Hormone production
  4. Nutrition absorbtion
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3
Q

3 hormones secreted by GI system

A

CCK, Gastrin, and secretin

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4
Q

The GEJ has what appearance?

A

Round target shaped with peristalsis

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5
Q

List the levels/ parts of the stomach in order from most superior to most inferior.

A
  1. Fundus
  2. Body
  3. Atrium
  4. Pylorus
  5. Pyloric sphincter
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6
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

The structure that allows food to pass from the antrum of the stomach into the duodenum

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7
Q

What is the normal measurement range for the Bowel thickness?

A

3-5mm

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8
Q

Bowel has how many layers?

A

5

Rings alternate from hyperechoic to hypoechoic

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9
Q

Small bowel

A

Duodenum
Jujunum
Ileum

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10
Q

Large Bowel

A

Cecum, Appendix

Hepatic and splenic flexures; ascending, transverse, descending, colon, sigmoid, and rectum

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11
Q

Blood supply comes from…….

A

…..SMA, IMA, Branches of celiac access (GDA)

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12
Q

Helpful lab values

A
  • Hemocult test- blood in stool
  • Hematocrit – loss of blood
  • WBC – detection of inflammatory processes
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13
Q

Tricks

A
  • Look for Peristalsis
  • Have patient drink through straw
  • Barium enema
  • Look for hyperechoic/ hypoechoic alternating rings
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14
Q

Abnormal anatomy

A
  • Lymphoma > Thickened walls
  • Gastric cancer > Pathology may create “target or pseudokidney”
  • Metastatic disease > Distended & filled with fluid
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15
Q

Duplication cyst

A

Located in the wall of anywhere in GI tract

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16
Q

The following types of Bezoar’s are made of what?
o Phytobezoar
o Trichobezoar
o Lactobezoar

A

o Phytobezoar – Fruit and vegetable
o Trichobezoar- Hair
o Lactobezoar- Milk byproducts

17
Q

Gastritis

A

Wall >5mm

18
Q

Signs of Appendicitis

A

^ WBC, RLQ pain with rebound at McBurnet’s point

19
Q

Signs of diverticulitis

A

LLQ pain, ^WBC, Fever

20
Q

Lymphoma

A

Large and slightly echogenic to hypoechoic mass, thinking of the gastric walls

21
Q

Leomyomas

A

Solid mass usually small hypoechoic and continuous with the muscular layer