GI / GU Flashcards
(76 cards)
1
Q
Normal Flora of small intestine
A
- Lactobacillus
2. Enterococcus
2
Q
Normal Flora of large intestine:
Aerobic/ facultative anaerobic:
Anaerobic:
Yeast:
A
- Enterococcus, Gram- bacilli, (E. coli)
- Clostridium, Bacteroides
- Candida
3
Q
Inflammation/ infection of stomach
A
Gastritis
4
Q
main etiology of gastritis
A
- Helicobacter pylori
- Viral
- v imbalance in protective factors
5
Q
Upset stomach
A
dyspepsia
6
Q
A disruption of the mucosal integrity of stomach/duodenum–most likely cause
A
- Peptic ulcer disease PUD (bloody feces)
- H. pylori–“urea breath test”
7
Q
Gallbladder infections (3) and most common causes (3). _________ may cause diarrhea
A
- Acute cholecystitis, cholangitis, biliary sepsis
- Enterobacteriaceae (E. coli, Shigella, Salmonella)
- Enterotoxins
8
Q
Gallbladder infection not caused by obstruction (sone, stricture, neoplasm) of bile duct–treatment
A
- analgesics
- IV antibiotics
- surgical consult
9
Q
Viral hepatitis
A
A, B, C, D (D in presence of B), E, CMV, HSV, parvovirus B19, mono
10
Q
CMV, HSV
A
cytomegaly virus
herpes simplex virus
11
Q
hepatocellular damage and inflammation (video)
A
hepatitis (usually viral, but may be toxins i.e. alcohol)
- -fatigue, “TEA-COLORED URINE”, pale stools, malaise
- -jaundice, fever, hepatomegaly
12
Q
- fecal-oral transmitted hepatitis
- parenterally or STI transmitted
A
- A&E
- B,C,D
13
Q
Hepatitis treatments
A
- supportive
2. avoid alcohol
14
Q
hepatic abscess may be caused by–Pus-filled cavity in liver (may present like hepatitis–later ^ fever, ^ jaundice, sepsis)
A
- Enterobacteriaceae (esp. Klebsiella),
- Bacteroides,
- enterococci
- amebic (tropics)
15
Q
Treat hepatic abscess w/
A
- IV antibiotics
2. admission
16
Q
LFT
A
liver function tests
17
Q
Liver Function Test: (if hepatitis suspected)
- liver injury:
- livery function:
- Liver as a filter:
A
1-measure AST, ALT, alk phosph
2-Protein synth: albumin and INR,
Glucogeneogenesis: Serum glucose
3-Total BILIRUBIN
18
Q
- Acute pancreatitis etiologies (2)
A
- gallbladder/ biliary tract disease
2. alcohol
19
Q
Tests for pancreatitis
A
serum amylase and lipase, serum trypsin, ultrasound
20
Q
Pancreatitis treatment
A
- IV analgesia (very painful)
- fluids
- antibiotics
- parenteral nutrition
21
Q
For GI infection think
A
Enterobacteriaceae
22
Q
classic appendicitis history (rebound tenderness at McBurney’s)
-treatment
A
- anorexia
- abdominal pain RLQ/flank –worse on palpation/bumping
- N&V some diarrhea/constipation
- surgery/antibiotics
23
Q
Diverticulitis history
A
- LLQ pain / fever
- tenderness
- NVD
24
Q
Diverticula that aren’t inflammed or bleeding
A
diverticulosis
25
Diverticulitis treatment--get CT if unsure
1. rest / antibiotics (metronidazole)
26
increased frequency or volume of stool (3 or more liquid or semisolid stools daily for 2-3 consecutive days)
diarrhea
27
bloody diarrhea w/ fever indicates invasive organisms or
Inflammatory bowel disease ==> inflamatory diarrhea
28
large volume of diarrhea w/ out inflammation
Secratory diarrhea
29
diarrhea almost always caused by Clostridium difficile
antibiotic-associated diarrhea
30
Bacterial infectious diarrhea caused by
Gram - rods
31
virus causing NVD from food--watery diarrhea lasting 1-2 days
norovirus
32
virus causing NVD from PTP--watery diarrea lasting 5-8 days
rotavirus
33
treatment for Giardia lamblia--water, PTP -treatment
1. Metronidazole
34
bloody diarrhea treatment
cipro
35
Infection of any/all of urethra, bladder, ureter, kidney
UTI
36
UTI treatment
1. Nitrofurantoin 7 days
2. Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole 3 days
3. Cipro if pyelonephritis suspected (infection ascended into kidney)
37
* main acute cystitis and female urinary tract infection etiology
E. coli
38
main pyelonephritis pathogen
E. coli
39
For GU infection think
E. coli
40
Pyelonephritis findings
fever, dysuria (frequency/ urgency)
| CVA tenderness, palpable and tender kidney
41
Pyelonephritis treatment
Cipro outpatient usually
42
Pt under 35 prostatitis likely from
1. N. gonorrheae
| 2. Klebsiella spp
43
narrowing of foreskin that may predispose man to infection
Phimosis
44
Prostatitis history
malaise, fever, chills, Pain (low back, abdominal, DEEP rectal, or pelvic) dysuria
45
prostatitis tests
1. urine pre and post massage
| 2. culture
46
prostatitis treatment
Quinolone 4-6 wks
47
epididymitis prepubertal boys cause
Escherichia coli
48
men younger than 35 years epididymitis cause
1. Chlamydia trachmatis
| 2. neisseria gonorrheae
49
men older than 35 yo epididymitis cause
1. E. coli
| 2. Pseudomonas species
50
Balantitis likely causes--pain and tenderness--treatment after culture
1. Candida (antifungal)
| 2. Group B strep (bacitracin)
51
Urethritis causes--inflammation usually caused by STD
Neisseria gonorrheae
52
most common cause of orchitis--labs--history comes into play
- Mumps or other viruses/bac
| - viral study for mumps
53
Genital Lesions (5)
1. Herpes simplex virus (grouped vesicles)
2. Treponema pallidum (syphilis--painless)
3. haemophilus ducreyi (chancroid)
4. Chlamydia trachomatis
5. Klebsiella granulomatis
54
Normal flora reproductive system:
Male:
Female:
-sterile
-Lactobacilli, Group B strep, E. coli, Staph epidermidis
(thus women may get yeast infection w/ antibiotics)
55
A clinical syndrom arising from infection that may involve any or all of the following: uterus, fallopian tuves, ovaries, peritoneal surfaces, and contiguous structures.
Pelvic inflammatory disease
56
PID history
lower abdominal and pelvic pain, vaginal discharge, dysuria
57
PID treatment
antibiotics
58
opportunistic infection of mucous membranes and skin caused by yeast--name and cause
- Candidiasis
| - Candida albicans
59
PID uterus cuases
1. N gonorrhoeae
2. Chlamydia
3. Bacteroides
60
PID cervix causes
1. N gonorhoeae
2. Chlamydia
3. HSV
4. Trichomonas
61
Vaginitis causes
1. Trichomonas vaginalis
2. Chlamydia
3. Gardnerella vaginalis
4. Gonorrhoeae
62
Diaper rash and culcovaginal skin rash (yeast infection)? / history
- candidiasis
| - ODDORLESS vaginal discharge resembling CURD/ COTTAGE CHEESE, redness, edema
63
Local painful inflammation of the breast, which may or may not be accompanied by infeciton, flulike symptoms, and abscess formation
Abscess and Mastitis (breast ABSCESS and CELLULITIS)
64
Likely cause of mastitis
Staph aureus or Strep
65
For skin infection think
Staph aureus or Strep species or Candida
66
Classic Neisseria gonorrhoeae Symptoms:
Males:
Females:
- dysuria and "PURULENT discharge"
| - Vaginal discharge, dysuria, 50-80% asymptmatic
67
2nd most common STI, Oblicage intracellular bacterial parasite
Chlamydia trachomatis
68
Classic Chlamydia trachomatis Symptoms:
male:
female:
- "WHITISH/CLEAR discharge", dysuria (gonorrhea purulent),
| - Most asymptomatic, mild discharge, pain
69
Chancroid think
Haemophilus ducreyi (gram - coccobacilli)
70
Haemophilus ducreyi Symptoms/Dx (Asia/Africa)
| male:
- painful vesiculopusular lesion, nodules, on inguinal canal
| - Gram stain bubo aspirate
71
"Beefy red ulcers" and "purulent discharge
Kelbsiella (Granuloma Inguinale)
72
"DONOVAN BODIES" think
Klebsiella
73
HSV type I in
mouth
74
HSV type 2 in--PE--Tx
- Genitals
- vesicles present
- Acyclovir
75
"Copious FOUL-SMELLING vaginal discharge"--"motile organisms"
Trichomonas vaginalis--urethritis in men
76
Tx for Trichomonas vaginalis
Metronidazole
