GI pt 2

Question 1

Which histamine two receptor antagonist is available in IV formulation

Answer 1

Famotidine

Question 2

What are the three available histamine two receptor antagonist?

Answer 2

Cimetidine, famotidine, and nizatidine

Question 3

What kind of antagonist are the histamine two receptors?

Answer 3

They are competitive and reversible antagonist

Question 4

Where did the H2 receptor sites bind?

Answer 4

On the surface of parietal cells

Question 5

When are H2 receptor antagonist more effective?

Answer 5

They are more effective for nighttime, nocturnal secretions rather than daytime

Question 6

What can histamine two receptor antagonist be used for?

Answer 6

To heal do a dental and gastric ulcers, hypersecretory conditions, to prevent stress ulcers in critically ill patients, for reflux, esophagitis, upper G.I. bleeding and Gerd

Question 7

What are the adverse effects of histamine to receptor antagonist?

Answer 7

Headache, vertigo, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, rash puripits, decrease libido, gynecomastia, and B12 deficiency

Question 8

Which histamine two receptor antagonist shows more adverse effects

Answer 8

Cimetidine

Question 9

What is the most common adverse hematologic effect of histamine two receptors

Answer 9

Blood dyscrasias like thrombocytopenia

Question 10

What patient population may require a higher dose of H2RA

Answer 10

Cigarette smokers

Question 11

What patient population needs a reduced dose of H2 receptor antagonist

Answer 11

Patient with moderate to severe renal failure

Question 12

Which histamine receptor has the most drug interactions?

Answer 12

Cimetidine

Question 13

Are histamine two receptor antagonist safe to use in pregnancy

Answer 13

Yes, they are pregnancy category B and assumed safe in lactation

Question 14

What are antacids?

Answer 14

They are weak bases that neutralize hydrochloric acid to form salts and water

Question 15

Which type of antacids can be used to suppress H pylori and enhance me coastal defense

Answer 15

Aluminum containing antacids

Question 16

Which antacids have a laxative effect and are used prior to endoscopies

Answer 16

Magnesium

Question 17

Which antacids can cause constipation

Answer 17

Aluminum

Question 18

What combination of antacids can be used to lower stomach acid without producing constipation or diarrhea?

Answer 18

Magnesium and aluminum combined

Question 19

What are the brand names for the calcium salt antiacids

Answer 19

Maalox and Tums

Question 20

What are the name brands of the sodium salt antacids

Answer 20

Bicitra

Question 21

What are the name brands of the aluminum salt antacids

Answer 21

Amphojel

Question 22

What is the name brand of the magnesium salt antacid

Answer 22

Milk of magnesia

Question 23

Which two antacids are absorbed in the gut

Answer 23

Calcium carbonate and sodium carbonate

Question 24

Which two antacids are absorbed in the bowel

Answer 24

Magnesium salts and aluminum salts

Question 25

What timing should you use when dosing antacids around food?

Answer 25

Take one hour before or one hour after meals

Question 26

Which form of antacids neutralize less acid per dose, but have a longer duration of action

Answer 26

Tablets

Question 27

How should you dose other medications that have drug drug interactions with antacids?

Answer 27

You can take the other medication’s one hour before or three hours after the antacid

Question 28

Which two herbal supplements do antacids interact with

Answer 28

Ginger and acidophilus

Question 29

What is the duration of time in which antacids should be dosed?

Answer 29

For no longer than two weeks

Question 30

What are the adverse reactions of the calcium and aluminum antiacids?

Answer 30

Constipation, renal calculi, hypercalcemia, abdominal distention and reflux

Question 31

What is the adverse reaction of aluminum antacids?

Answer 31

Delayed gastric emptying

Question 32

What are the adverse reactions of sodium bicarbonate?

Answer 32

Hypernatremia and fluid retention

Question 33

How should you educate patients regarding antacid dosing

Answer 33

Educate patients that these drugs do not coat the lining of your stomach they only neutralize the gastric acid. They should also chew the tablet while with a large glass of water and liquid preparations should be shaken before using.

Question 34

What category of antiacids may have counterproductive effects of slowing gastric, motility and worsening Gerd syndrome?

Answer 34

Aluminum containing antacids

Question 35

Why were some H2 antagonists recalled?

Answer 35

They had carcinogenic effects

Question 36

Which medication taken for GERD can lead to B12 deficiency and decreased libido

Answer 36

H2 receptors esp cimetidine

Question 37

What do antacids deactivate

Answer 37

Pepsin

Question 38

Why do antacids interact with so many drugs?

Answer 38

They alter the pH of the stomach and urine which alters to absorption and excretion of many drugs

Question 39

What should hit avoid while taking calcium antacids?

Answer 39

Milk- it can cause milk alkali syndrome