GI Quiz Flashcards
(25 cards)
What blood vessels supply the lesser curve of the stomach?
Left and right gastric arteries
Where do the left and right gastric arteries arise from?
Left gastric artery arises from the coeliac trunk at T12- ascends to supply lesser curvature
Right gastric artery branches from the splenic artery (arising from the coeliac trunk)
Which blood vessels supply the greater curve of the stomach?
Left and right gastroepiploic arteries
At what vertebral level does the pyloric sphincter lie?
L1
Which anatomical structures lie at L1 vertebral level?
Pyloric sphincter
Fundus of gallbladder
Neck of pancreas
Portal vein (behind neck of pancreas)
SMA origin from abdominal aorta
Hilum of kidneys
How does the structure of the pyloric sphincter differ from the lower oesophageal sphincter? Which is more likely to suffer pathology?
Pyloric sphincter is much more muscular and bulky than the LOS- which has a smaller amount of smooth muscle and relies on other factors (right and left crus of the diaphragm) for competence. Therefore the LOS is more likely to experience pathology ie reflux.
How many sections can the duodenum be divided into?
4 sections:
- first/superior
- second/ descending
- third/horizontal
- fourth/ascending
Arrangement in a ‘C’ shape, surrounding the head of the pancreas
Which of the sections of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?
Sections 2-4
Which section of the duodenum receives the common bile duct? What is this structure called?
Midway through the 2nd part of the duodenum. Released via the sphincter of oddi
What is the significance of the 2nd portion of the duodenum apart from the location of the sphincter of oddi?
Boundary between the foregut and midgut— have different blood supplies and visceral pain referral
Foregut= greater splanchnic nerve and supplied by branches of the coeliac trunk (T12)
Midgut= innervated lesser splanchnic nerve and arterial supply from the superior mesenteric artery and branches.
Which blood vessels supply the foregut?
Branches of the coeliac trunk- branches at T12 from the abdominal aorta
(Left gastric, splenic/branches, common hepatic/branches)
Which visceral afferent are associated with the foregut?
Greater splanchnic nerve— T5-T9— causes Epigastric referred pain
Which blood vessel is responsible for vasculature of the midgut?
Superior mesenteric artery- branches at L1
Which visceral afferents are associated with the midgut?
Lesser splanchnic nerve—- T10-T11–umbilical referred pain
What is the anatomical relationship between the head of the pancreas and the duodenum?
The head of the pancreas lies in the ‘C’ shape of the duodenum
Which blood vessel supplies the pancreas?
Splenic artery
Is the pancreas entirely retroperitoneal?
No. The head, neck and body are entirely retroperitoneal but the tail is closely associated with the spleen and is enveloped in part of the spleno-renal peritoneum.
How many lobes does the liver have?
4:
Left, right, caudate (superior), quadrate (inferior)
Which ligaments are associated with the liver?
Falciform- connects liver anteriorly to anterior abdominal wall
Coronal- separates left and right lobes
Triangular- connect liver to posterior abdominal wall
What are the branches of the coeliac trunk?
Left gastric
Splenic
Common hepatic
What are the branches of the SMA?
Middle colic
Right colic
Ileocolic
What is the main artery supplying the hindgut? At what vertebral level does this branch from the abdominal aorta?
Inferior mesenteric artery
L3
What are the branches of the inferior mesenteric artery?
Left colic
Sigmoidal
Rectal
Identify the peritoneal recesses present in a female- describe their location
Vesicouterine pouch- between the bladder (anteriorly) and uterus (posteriorly)
Rectouterine pouch- between the uterus (anteriorly) and the rectum (posteriorly)
Rectouterine pouch is the deepest recess and hence will collect fluid in pathology
