Repro General Review Flashcards
(22 cards)
What does the corpus luteum produce?
Oestrogen, progesterone, inhibin
What is the function of luteinising hormone?
A surge in LH causes oocyte release (ovulation)
What is the function of human chorionic gonadotropin?
Maintains the corpus luteum in pregnancy (takes over from progesterone in established pregnancy)
What are the effects of progesterone?
Exerts a negative feedback loop on the HPG axis in the presence of oestrogen
What is the effect of progesterone on the endometrium during the menstrual cycle?
Promotes thickening and upkeep of the endometrium for implantation of the fertilised oocyte
How do you describe the urogenital hiatus?
Anterior gap which allows the passage of the urethra (and valine in females)
What marks the end of first stage of labour?
Effacement and dilation of the cervix
What marks the end of the second stage of labour?
Birth of baby
What marks the end of the third stage of labour?
Delivery of the placenta
What are the 3 ‘Ps’ associated with progress in labour and how might they affect it?
Passage- pelvis and soft tissues (cervix/ligaments)— inappropriate shape/ inadequate softening of structures
Passenger—large fetal size, unusual lie and presentation
Power— inadequate uterine contractions
How does the maternal body primarily provide adequate calcium to the growing fetus?
By increasing synthesis of 1,25 vitamin D3
Which staging system is used to stage endometrial cancers?
FIGO
1= confined to uterus
2= invades cervix
3= invades cervix, ovaries, fallopian tubes, vagina and lymph nodes
4= invades outside reproductive tract— bladder/rectum and beyond
Which germ layer does the reproductive tract develop from?
Intermediate mesoderm
Which gene and chromosome are important for gonadal differentiation?
SRY gene
Chromosome Y
What is the most common order of sexual development in females? What do these words mean?
Thelarche (breast bud development 8-11)
Adrenarche (adrenal gland development 11-12)
Menarche (menstrual cycle begins 13+)
What are the 2 broad types of ovarian cells?
Granulosa cells
Theca interna cells
Which ovarian cells do FSH and LH stimulate?
What are the functions of these cells?
FSH- granulosa. Converts androgens to oestrogen. Releases inhibin
LH- theca interna. Releases androgens
Where does final spermatozoa maturation occur? What is involved?
Acidic environment of female reproductive tract
Capacitation reaction- removal of glycoproteins and cholesterol from the membrane.
Allows sperm signalling, binding to zona pellucida and initiation of the acrosome reaction.
What circulatory shunt in the fetus bypasses the liver and joins with the IVC in the fetus?
Ductus venosus
How is amniotic fluid maintained around the fetus after 9 weeks?
The urinary system is developed and the fetus is able to produce urine which circulates- swallowed and then urinated.
When does corticospinal tract myelination approximately finish?
After 1 year of life
Which immunoglobulins can cross the placenta to provide passive immunity for the fetus?
Only IgG
