Urinary anatomy Quiz Flashcards
(24 cards)
Which cells of the distal convoluted tubule respond to changes in tubular fluid composition?
Macula densa
When the bladder is empty, what is its’ anatomical position?
Lies anteriorly on the Pubic symphysis
What is the outer capsular layer called? (Of the kidney)
Renal fascia
What structure does the right renal artery lie posterior to?
Right renal vein
Which structures do the minor calcyes drain into?
Major calyces
15% of the nephrons in the kidney are which type? What are the remainder called?
Juxtamedullary
Cortical
Triangle shaped layer within the kidney is called what?
Renal pyramid
How can the kidneys be described in terms of their position in the abdominal cavity? What does this term mean?
Retroperitoneal
This means that only the anterior surface of the organs come into contact with the peritoneum. Not enveloped in peritoneum as intra-peritoneal organs are.
The left kidney is slightly higher than the right kidney due to the position of which organ?
Liver
At what vertebral level would you expect to find the hilum?
L1
What is the junction between the pelvis of the kidney and the proximal ureter called?
Pelviureteric junction
What is the junction between the distal ureter and the bladder called?
Vesicoureteric junction
What are the muscular folds within the bladder called?
Rugae
These allow expansion of the bladder to hold higher volumes when micturition is inappropriate.
What is the highly specialised epithelium lining the lower urinary tract called?
Urothelium
What is the difference between a renal lobule and a renal pyramid?
A renal lobule contains the renal cortex and renal medulla of that portion of the kidney, whereas a renal pyramid only contains renal medulla of that section.
What is the difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons? How does this change function?
Cortical nephrons have a shorter loop of henle that only extends into the outer medullary layer. Juxtamedullary nephrons have a longer loop of henle that spans the entirety of the medullary layer. This allows formation of a more concentrated urine and more exchange of solvents.
What are the components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus? What does each do?
Macula densa— cells of distal convoluted tubule that sense composition of fluid and indicate whether mechanisms to increase BP should be activated.
Extraglomerular mesangial cells- help transmit information from macula densa to granular cells.
Granular cells— produce and release renin which stimulates the RAAS system
Indicate the order of arteries that supply the kidney from the abdominal aorta
AA
renal artery
Segmental artery
Interlobar artery
Arcuate artery
Interlobular artery
Afferent arteriole
Glomerulus
Efferent arteriole
Then either: peritubular capillaries (associated with convoluted tubules) or vasa recta (associated with loop of henle)
Indicate the venous drainage of the kidney from the vasa recta onwards
Order= inverse of arterial supply
1. Vasa recta
2. Interlobular vein
3. Arcuate vein
4. Interlobar vein
5. Segmental veins
6. Renal vein
7. Inferior vena cava
Where is the most common area for ureteric injury?
Near the pelvic brim— lots of structures in the pelvis, ureter takes the shortest route immediately overlying the bony structure of the pelvic brim where compression can cause injury.
Which structures make up the borders of the trigone area?
The 2 ureteric openings of the bladder
Internal urethral meatus
What is the average capacity of the bladder?
~750ml
Beyond this, becomes painful
What are the urethral divisions in the male urethra?
Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Bulbous urethra
Penile/spongy urethra
External urethral meatus
Which structures join at the hilum of the kidney? Order these structures from anterior to posterior
Renal vein
Renal artery
Ureter
(+ lymphatics)
