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Pathophysiology > GI system: mouth disorders + > Flashcards

GI system: mouth disorders + Flashcards

1
Q

Canker sores are triggered by:

A

stress, fever and certain foods

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2
Q

True or false: canker sores are not contagious

A

true

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3
Q

What virus causes fever blisters around the mouth?

A

HSV - 1

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4
Q

T/F: fever blisters are not contagious.

A

false

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5
Q

How is herpes simplex virus transmitted?

A

Orally

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6
Q

What nerve does the herpes simplex virus infection linger in?

A

the trigeminal nerve

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7
Q

What 5 factors lead to the viral multiplication of the herpes simplex virus?

A

fever
sunlight
cold
trauma
infection

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8
Q

What level of the GI tract does the herpes simplex virus erupt in to cause a cold sore or fever blister?

A

the mucosa

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9
Q

What is the name of the normal bacteria involved in oropharyngeal candidiasis?

A

Candida albicans

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10
Q

When does oropharyngeal candidiasis occur?

A

when there is a pathology that impairs the normal balance of microflora of the mouth.

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11
Q

Why is an NG tube an issue for someone who has candida albicans?

A

it can spread the infection into the esophagus.

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12
Q

Where are the 3 sites of origin or squamous cell carcinomas?

A
  1. vermillion border of the lower lip
  2. floor of the mouth
  3. lateral border of the tongue
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13
Q

Why are squamous cell carcinomas dangerous?

A

they are often painless and ignored.

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14
Q

What are some trx options for squamous cell carcinomas?

A

surgery
radiation

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15
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

difficulty swallowing due to:
lack of pharyngeal sensation
dysfunction of the swallowing mechanism

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16
Q

Esophageal pain:
Where does it occur?
What does it feel like?
Is there any numbness radiating down the left arm?

A

it occurs in the center of the chest
feels like a pressing or burning sensation
if it is esophageal pain - no

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17
Q

esophageal bleeding is a common sign of:

A

esophageal diseases - tends to be red.

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18
Q

If a hiatal hernia is progressed, what can happen?

A

the stomach can rotate 180 degrees and create a closed-loop obstruction.

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19
Q

what are the symptoms of a hiatal hernia?

A

esophageal pain
GERD
dyspnea

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20
Q

Pts who have a hiatal hernia should avoid:

A

Valsalva maneuvers in a supine position
coughing
vomiting
straining
sudden physical exertion

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21
Q

Esophagitis or Gerd is caused by:

A

inflammation of the esophagus secondary to retrograde flow of the gastric juices.

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22
Q

A defect in the lower esophageal sphincter (the ring of muscle between the esophagus and stomach) can cause:

A

stomach’s contents to come back into the esophagus

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23
Q

What are the symptoms of GERD?

A

belching
heart burn
dysphagia
painful swallowing

24
Q

GERD often occurs ____ to ____ minutes after a meal

A

30 - 60

25
Q

What issue can weaken the LES and increase the risk of GERD?

A

a hiatal hernia

26
Q

GERD is a ____________ sensation that moves up and down the chest and may radiate to the:

A

burning; back, neck, jaw.

27
Q

What are aggravating factors of GERD?

A

supine posture
specific foods

28
Q

how long do GERD symptoms last?

A

2 hours or longer

29
Q

What are implications for the PT regarding GERD?

A
  1. no vigorous activity
  2. no intervention in supine position unless before meals
  3. avoid activities that inc. intra-abdominal pressure
  4. elevate head of the bed
30
Q

What should the PT suggest for nocturnal reflux?

A

sleep on the L side with a pillow in place to maintain the positon

31
Q

What can a PT tell their pt for pt education regarding GERD?

A
  1. avoid caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, and NSAIDs
  2. Wear loose clothing
  3. remain upright for 3 hours after mealtime
  4. avoid meals near bed time or nap time
  5. lose weight
32
Q

What can a PT tell their pt for pt education regarding GERD?

A
  1. avoid caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, and NSAIDs
  2. Wear loose clothing
  3. remain upright for 3 hours after mealtime
  4. avoid meals near bedtime or nap time
  5. lose weight
33
Q

What are the symptoms of stomach pathologies?

A

epigastric pain: high in the abdomen, just below the sternum
hematemesis (blood vomiting): black coffee grounds
melena: black tarry stools
frequent vomiting

34
Q

Gastritis definition:

A

inflammation of the protective lining of the stomach mucosa.

35
Q

What is the difference between acute gastritis and chronic gastritis?

A

acute: hemorrhagic or acute erosive
chronic: less common possibly an autoimmune disorder and longterm inflammation

36
Q

Gastritis can cause a vitamin _________ deficiency.

A

B12

37
Q

Gastritis is caused by:

A

mucosal irritation

38
Q

Who is at increased risk of gastritis?

A

65 years and older
longterm NSAID use
corticosteroid trx

39
Q

Regarding an individual with gastritis, what should the physical therapist know?

A
  1. know which pts are on stomach injuring drugs
  2. be alert for symptoms (N and V, hematemesis)
  3. encourage pts only to take meds as prescribed per manufacturer recommendations
  4. with food
  5. antacids
40
Q

petic ulcers are a breach in the:

A

mucosal lining exposing deeper layers (submucosal and muscularis) areas to injury by gastric secretions

41
Q

What happens if a peptic ulcer reaches the muscularis layer?

A

it will damage blood vessels and cause a hemmorage.

42
Q

loss of tissue deep in the wall of the stomach is called a:

A

erosion

43
Q

What is the difference in gastric ulcers and duodenal ulcers?

A

gastric ulcers affect the stomach, more likely to occur in middle and older aged Americans

duodenal ulcers are found in the duodenum, more common than gastric ulcers and more common in younger individuals

44
Q

90% of peptic ulcer represent an infection by :

A

H. Pylori

45
Q

What are risk factors of peptic ulcers?

A

lifestyle and psychologic stress

46
Q

True or false: longterm NSAID use will not effect the GI tract.

A

False

47
Q

What is the role of prostaglandins in the GI tract?

A

inhibit acid secretion
enhance mucosal self-protection mechanisms

48
Q

What are the implications for the PT regarding ulcerations?

A

monitor symptoms
monitor NSAID use
signs of bleeding (SP < 100 mmHg or HR > 100bpm)
> 10 mmHg drop in DP with a position change

49
Q

What are the therapeutic implications for an individual with dysentery and diarrhea?

A

excessive fluid and electrolyte loss

50
Q

Cancer of the mucus producing cells is called:

A

gastric adenocarcinoma

51
Q

how does one diagnose gastric adenocarcinoma?

A

endoscopy

52
Q

a colonoscopy can screen for:

A

colorectal carcinomas

53
Q

What are special implications of colorectal tumors for the PT?

A
  1. Hx of corticosteroid trx (muscle weakness)
  2. impaired posture (shortening of ant. abs)
  3. removal of lymph nodes (inc. risk of lymphedema)
  4. Mets: prostate, lungs, liver
  5. ostomy management
54
Q

inflammation of the serous membrane lining the walls of the abdominal cavity is called:

A

peritonitis

55
Q

Why are gut hormones important to humans?

A
  1. energy balance
  2. appetite control
  3. digestion

Pathophysiology (11 decks)

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