Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI Week 2 > GI Tract and Vessels > Flashcards

GI Tract and Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What are the portions of the stomach in order?

A

cardiac orifice (with cardiac sphincter)
fundus (spits up above where the esophagus enters)
Body
Pylorus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the portions of the pylorus?

A

pyloric antrum
pyloric canal
pyloric sphincter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the folds of mucosa inside the stomach called?

A

rugae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Does a paraesophageal hiatal hernia usually pop out anterior or posterior to the esophagus?

A

anterior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do symptoms of a sliding hiatal hernia and paraesophageal hiatal hernia differ?

A

sliding: reflux
paraesophageal: pain, nausea, vomiting, no reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the three portions of the small intestine?

A

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s the total length of the small intestine? How much can be resected out and still be compatible with life?

A

6-7 meters!

you can take out up to a 1/3 and still be compatible with life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What part of the small intestine is intraperitoneal?

A

only the first part of the duodenum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The jejunum and ileum are suspended from the posterior abdominal wall by what?

A

mesentery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the duodenum molded around?

A

the head of the pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the relationship of the duodenum or th elesser and greater omentum?

A

the lesser omentum attaches to it’s upper border and the greater omentum attaches to its lower border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The duodenal cap or bulb is a radiological shadowing visible upon x=ray. Why is it clinically significant?

A

common site for peptic ulcers

80% of peptic ulcers occur here!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How can ulcers in the duodenal cap lead to massive hemorrhage?

A

if they erode thorugh the wall in this area they can perforate the gastroduodenal artery

(note - can also erode through to the pancreas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What suspends the fourth part of the duodenum from the right crux of the diaphragm?

A

the suspensory ligament

or ligament of Treitz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What portion of the duodenum receives the openings of the bile duct and pancreatic sucts?

A

the second portion

descending portion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What’s the term for the end of the duodenum and start of the jejunum?

A

the duodenojejunal flexure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What’s the term for where the jejunum ends and the cecum starts

A

ileocecal junction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where are peyer’s patches located?

A

only in the ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which is often empty: jejunum or ileum?

A

jejunum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

True or false: the ileum is thicker, redder and mroe vascular in the living person than the jejunum?

A

false

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Describe what happens to the plicae circularis as you progress through the jejunum and ileum?

A

they are large and welld eveloped in the upper jejunum and gradually disappear by the time you get to the terminal ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Which section has more arterial arcades in the mesentery?

A

the ileum

also shorter and more ocmplex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How do the jejunum and ileum compare in terms of how much fat is located at the mesenteric border?

A

areas of the mesentery are nearly fat-free near the mesenteric border of the jejunum as compared to the ileum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the outer longitudinal muscle fibers confined to three parallel bands in the large intestine?

A

teniae coli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What do we call the sacculations between the teniae coli?

A

haustra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What do we call the small sacs of fat covered with peritoneum around the large intestine?

A

appendices epiploicae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Which has a larger internal diameter: small or large intestine?

A

large intestine…surprise surprise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What areas are encompassed in the ileocecal junction?

A

the cecum
ileocecal orifice
appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is the cecum?

A

just a blind sac covered by peritoneum located in the RLQ into which the terminal ileum and appendix enter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

True or false: the ileocecal valve probalby has little sphincteric action

A

true

31
Q

Is the appendix usually in front of or behind the cecum?

A

usually retrocecal - in about 64% of people

32
Q

The base of the appendix usually lies lateral to what point?

A

McBurney’s point (junction of the lateral and middle thirds of a line joining the anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus)

33
Q

Where is pain initially felt in appendicitis?

A

pain is initially referred to the umbilicus

later it moves over McBurney’s point and felt as rebound tenderness

34
Q

The ascending colon extends from where to where?

A

from the cecum to the right colic flexure

35
Q

the ascending colon extends in what area? Intraperiteonal or retroperitoneal?

A

rtroperitroneally in the right paracolic groove

36
Q

What mesentery fuses the transverse colon to the posterior surface of the greater omentum, suspending it form the posterior abdominal wall?

A

the transverse mesocolon

37
Q

The Descending colon extends from where to where?

A

from the left colic flexure to the brim of the plevis where it joints the sigmoid colon

38
Q

What area does the descending colon pass through?

A

retroperitoneally in the left paracolic groove

39
Q

The sigmoid colon extends from where to where? What leevel is this?

A

from the descending colon to the rectum

at S3

40
Q

What part of the GI tract does ulcerative colitis affect?

A

the colon and rectum

41
Q

What sugery is sometimes required for ulcerative colitis?

A

a total colectomy after which an ileostomy is made

42
Q

In what part of the colon are diverticuli most commonly found?

A

in the sigmoid

43
Q

All blood supply to the GI tract comes off what?

A

the abdominal aorta

44
Q

At what level does the celiac trunk come off the abdominal aorta?

A

T12

45
Q

The celiac trunk immediately divides into what 3 branches?

A

the left gastric
common hepatic
splenic

46
Q

The left gastric goes to what area?

A

the lesser curvature of the stomach

47
Q

What branches come off the left gastric and enter the thorax to anastomose with branches from the thoracic aorta?

A

the esopahgeal branches

48
Q

What are the two branches of the common hepatic?

A
  1. hepatic artery proper

2. gastroduodenal artery

49
Q

What are the 4 branches of the hepatic artery proper?

A

right gastric to the lesser curvature
left hepatic to left lobe of liver
right hepatic to right lobe of liver
cystic artery to the gallbladder

50
Q

What are the three branches of the gastroduodenal artery off the common hepatic?

A

supraduodenal
superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
right gastro-omental

51
Q

How does the splenic artery off the celiac trunk reach the spleen?

A

it’s a tortuous course above the pancreas in the lienorenal ligament

52
Q

What are the three branches of the splenic artery?

A

pancreatic branches
short gastric (to fundus)
left gastro-omental (to lesser curve)

53
Q

What major artery arises from the abdominal aorta 1 cm below the celiac trunk at L1?

A

the superior mesenteric artery

54
Q

The superior mesenteric artery immediately enters what?

A

the mesentery of the small bowel

55
Q

What branches does the superior mesenteric artery give off to the small intestine?

A

inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries
jejunal branches
ileal branches

56
Q

What branches does the superior mesenteric artery give off to the large intestine?

A

ileocolic
right colic
middle colic

57
Q

What artery comes off the abdominal aorta below the superior mesenteric artery, about 1.5 inches above the bifurcation at L3?

A

the inferior mesenteric artery

58
Q

What branch off the inferior mesenteric artery will anatomose with the middle colic off the superior mesenteric?

A

the left colic artery

59
Q

What’s the termination of the inferior mesenteric artery?

A

the superior rectal artery

60
Q

What artery forms an anastomosis between the colic arteries and runs in the concave margin of the large intestine?

A

the marginal artery

61
Q

Venous drainage from the gut passes thorugh where?

A

the liver capillary beds 9portal system) before reaching the right atrium

62
Q

True or false: the portal veins are valveless.

A

true

63
Q

What are the two main components of the hepatic portal system?

A

splenic vein and portal vein

64
Q

What veins does the splenic vein receive?

A

short gastric
L gastroepiploic
pancreatic veins
inferior mesenteric veins

65
Q

What does the splenic vein join with to form the portal vein?

A

superior mesenteric vein

66
Q

What connects the left portal vein to the IVC?

A

ligamentum venosum - a remnant of the fetal ductus venosus

67
Q

What are the 5 (6 in fetus) portal-systemic (caval) anatomoses?

A
  1. esophageal tributaries of azygos with esophageal tributaries of L gastric vein
  2. paraumbilical veins with superior/inferior/superficial branches of epigastric veins
  3. superior rectal vein and middle/inferior rectal veins
    4 retroperiteonal veins with colic veins
  4. veins in bare area of liver with diaphragmatic veins
  5. in fetus - ductus venosus
68
Q

What’s the clinical significance of the esophagela tributaries of the azygos anastomosing with the esophageal tributaries of the left gastric vein?

A

esophageal varices

69
Q

WHat’s the clinical significance of the paraumbilical veins of the portal system meeting with the superior/inferior/superficial branches of th eepigastric veins?

A

engorement produces varicose veins around the umbilicus called caput medusae

70
Q

What’s the clinical significance of the anastomosis between the sueprior rectal vein and middle and inferior rectal veins?

A

internal hemorrhoids

71
Q

What are some causes of portal hypertension?

A

liver cirrhosis or tumor

72
Q

What are some clinical manifestations of portal hypertension?

A

ascites
GI bleeding from varices and hemorrhoids
splenomegaly
caput medusae

73
Q

What receives lymph from the abdomen?

A

the cisterna chyli

GI Week 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions