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GI Week 2 > Histology of the Stomach and Small Intestine > Flashcards

Histology of the Stomach and Small Intestine Flashcards

1
Q

WHat happens to the efpithelium as you go from the esophagus into the stomach?

A

switches from stratified squamous nonkeratinizing to simple columnar

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2
Q

What’s the “sphincter” there?

A

the cardiac sphincter - there’s sphinctering action, but no swelling of the muscle

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3
Q

What are the bumps on the inside of the stomach called?

A

rugae

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4
Q

What are the areas on top of and between the rugae?

A

gastric areas - best apparent through a dissection microscope

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5
Q

What layers extend up into the rugae and which dont?

A

the lamina propria, muscularis mucosae and submucosa extend up int he rugae, but the muscularis external does not

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6
Q

What are the layers of the muscularis externa in the stomach?

A

inner oblique
middle circular
outer longitudinal

all smooth

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7
Q

Which two muscle layers thicken to form the pyloric sphincter?

A

the inner oblique and middle circular

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8
Q

Between what muscle layers does the myenteric nerve plexus lie?

A

between the middle circular and the outer longitudinal

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9
Q

Does the stomach have a serosa or adventitia?

A

serosa

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10
Q

What extends down into the mucosa in the stomach?

A

gastric pits

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11
Q

Where do the glands terminate in the gastric lamina propria?

A

extend all the way to terminate adjacent to eh muscularis mucosa

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12
Q

In the gastric pits, what eosinphilic cells are in the middle section of the walls?

A

the parietal cells

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13
Q

In the gastric pits, what basophilic cells become more prevalent as you descend?

A

chief cells

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14
Q

About how many glands empty into each gastric pit?

A

2-4

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15
Q

What glands are located in the glandular region (upper region) of the pits?

A

gastric/fundic glands - just make mucus for protection

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16
Q

What do we call the entrance to the gland itself?

A

the isthmus

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17
Q

What’s the junction between the isthmus and the body of the gland?

A

the neck

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18
Q

What types of cells are located in the neck?

A

mucous neck cells and parietal cells

note - this is also the most mitotic region

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19
Q

What cells are located in the body of the pit?

A

this area is where most of the acid and enzymes of the stomach come from: parietal cells, chief cells, enteroendocrine cells

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20
Q

What do parietal cells have a lot of besides mitochdonrai to help secrete acid?

A

secretory canaliculi

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21
Q

How can you tell an enteroendocrine cell from other cells in the pits?

A

their secretory granules are on the basolateral side instead of the apical side - they secrete their products into the lamina propria or vascular system

22
Q

What cells produce secretin?

A

S cells in the small intestine

23
Q

What does secretin do?

A

stimualtes pancreatic and biliary bicarbonate and water secretion

24
Q

What cells produce CCK?

A

I cells in the small intestine

25
Q

What glands are located at the bottom of the gastric pits in the pyloric region?

A

pyloric glands - secrete mucus

26
Q

How else do the pits of the pyloric region differ from the body besides the lack of parietal and chief cells?

A

they get really long

27
Q

How do the gastric pits of the cardiac region differ?

A

they’re short - only extend down about 1/4 of the mucosa thickness

28
Q

What are the glands of the cardiac region?

A

cardiac glands - basically mucous neck type

29
Q

Moving on to the small itnestine….

what are the prominent circular folds in the duodenum and upper jejunum. Not present in the ileum…

A

plicae circulares

30
Q

What are the histological features of the mucosa in the small intestine?

A

lots of villi with microvilli
distinct muscularis mucosae
plicae circulares

31
Q

What will extend up into the plicae circulares?

A

lamina propria, muscularis mucosae and submucosa make up the core

32
Q

How many layers are in the muscularis externa in the small intestine?

A

only two

inner circular
outer longitudinal

33
Q

Does the small intestine have an adventitia or a serosa?

A

serosa - except in the regions that are retroperitoneal (begining of duodenum)

34
Q

What three types of cells can be seen within the villus epithelium in the small intestine?

A

absorptive simple columnar cells
GOBLET CELLS!!!! First time!
Enteroendocrine cells

35
Q

What five cell types can be found in the crypt epithelium of the small intestine?

A 
absorptive columnar cells
goblet cells
enteroendocrine cells
paneth cells
stem cells
36
Q

Where are paneth cells located? How do they stain?

A

They’re located at the very base of the crypt and are strikingly eosinophlic.

37
Q

What do paneth cells do?

A

they have membrane bound granules with important antibacterial enzymes to control the microflora of the small intestine

38
Q

What does the lamina propria contain in the core of each villus?

A

a central lacteal, capillaries and venules

also very cellular CT

39
Q

True or false: the muscularis mucosae does NOT extend into villi?

A

true

don’t get it mixed up with what goes up into plicae!

40
Q

What crypts open at the base of the villi?

A

crypts of lieberkuhn

41
Q

What lie at the tips fo the villi?

A

microvilli brush border

42
Q

What makes up the skeleton of the microvilli?

A

actin filaments that joint in a terminal web

43
Q

What’s the tip off that you’r ein the duodenum?

A

brunner’s glands

44
Q

What’s the tip off that you’re in the ileum?

A

peyer’s patches

45
Q

What do brunner’s glands secrete?

A

an alkaline mucous into the lumen of the duodenum to neutralize the acidic chyme arriving from the stomach

46
Q

What do peyer’s patches do?

A

they are aggregates of lymphatic nodules that provide precursors of intestinal plasma cells for the production of secretory IgA

47
Q

What cells will endocytose antigen and transport it to the underlying lymphatic tissue?

A

M cells

48
Q

What happens to the number of goblet cells and you progress thorugh the GI tract?

A

they increase

49
Q

Where are peyer’s patches normally located in relation to the mesentery?

A

opposite

50
Q

What affect do tight junctions have on membrane proteins?

A

they compartmentalize them - those on the basolateral side can’t migrate up tot he apical

GI Week 2 (11 decks)

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