gi tract infections

Question 1

gastroenteritis

Answer 1

-colon and small intestine

Question 2

enterocolitis

Answer 2

-colon

Question 3

antibiotic associated diarrhea (colitis)

Answer 3

infection by C diff after antibiotics

Question 4

commonly under reported food borne illnesses

Answer 4

• salmonella
• yersinia
• campylobacter
• shigella

Question 5

salmonella mostly effects

Answer 5

children below age 9

Question 6

campylobacter mostly effects

Answer 6

age 10 and up

Question 7

two ways of transmission

Answer 7

• fecal-oral

- foodborne or waterborne

Question 8

foodborne or waterborne

Answer 8

contamination before processing

Question 9

bacterial toxins

Answer 9

• pre-formed

- in vivo

Question 10

pre-formed toxin

Answer 10

food poisoning

Question 11

bacteria that produce pre-formed toxin

Answer 11

• staph aureus
• clstridium botulinum
• bacillus cereus

Question 12

bacteria that produce toxin in vivo

Answer 12

• Verotixin producing e coli
• bacillus cereus (long incubation)
• clostridium perfringens
• c diff
• vibrio cholerae

Question 13

staph aureus

Answer 13

• sudden onset of vomiting and diarrhea in 1-6 hrs
• gram + cocci clusters
• inflammation of mucosa
• low water absorption

Question 14

treatment for staph aureus

Answer 14

spontaneous recovery with no treatment

Question 15

B cereus

Answer 15

• gram +
• makes spores
• vomiting and diarrhea

Question 16

high risk foods for B cereus

Answer 16

• meats and veggies
• sauces
• leftovers out too long

Question 17

c diff

Answer 17

• 10-30% of diarrhea diagnosed in hospital
• after antibiotics
• spores are highly resistant
• rare in community

Question 18

risk factors for c diff

Answer 18

• antibiotics

- comorbidities

Question 19

symptoms of c diff

Answer 19

• diarrhea, cramps
• psydomembranous colitis
• toxic megacolon

Question 20

c diff microbiology

Answer 20

• Gram +
• spores
• obligate anaerobe

Question 21

c diff toxins

Answer 21

• A: enterotoxin
• B: cytotoxin (direct damage to intestine cells)
• binary

Question 22

antibiotic associated colitis (AAC) diagnosis

Answer 22

• stool for toxin assay
• pcr or elisa
• endoscopy

Question 23

AAC treatment

Answer 23

• stop antibiotic
• ORAL metronidazole or vancomycin
• fidaxomicin
• fecal microbial transplantation

Question 24

which bacteria act via invasion, effacement, and inflammation

Answer 24

• EHEC
• E coli
• v cholera

Question 25

EHEC

Answer 25

- undercooked beef, unpasteruized food, contaminated water, raw veggies, farm animal contact - only need a few

Question 26

EHEC produce

Answer 26

shiga toxin (vero-toxin)

Question 27

symptoms of EHEC

Answer 27

cramps bloody diarrhea

Question 28

EHEC can lead to

Answer 28

hemolytic uremic syndrome | -> kidney failure

Question 29

why should u NOT prescribe antibiotics with EHEC

Answer 29

cause bacteria to release more toxin

Question 30

major cause of childhood diarrhea in developing countries

Answer 30

ETEC (enterotoxigenic E coli)

Question 31

leading cause of travelers diarrhea

Answer 31

ETEC

Question 32

leading cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries

Answer 32

EPEC

Question 33

major cause of bloody diarrhea in developing countries

Answer 33

EHEC

Question 34

causes outbreaks in developing countries

Answer 34

EIEC

Question 35

treatment for ETEC

Answer 35

- fluid rehydration | - bismuth (pepto bismol)

Question 36

which bacteria cause enteritis by invasion

Answer 36

- campylobacter jejuni - shigella - salmonella - EIEC

Question 37

campylobater jejuni

Answer 37

- gram NEGATIVE - chicken and dairy - can lead to GUILLAIN BARRE SYNDROME

Question 38

salmonella

Answer 38

- gram NEGATIVE | - can get fever

Question 39

major cause of enteritis

Answer 39

salmonella

Question 40

most reported case

Answer 40

campylobacter

Question 41

most underreported case

Answer 41

salmonella

Question 42

major symtom of shigella

Answer 42

blood diarrhea and fever

Question 43

shigella

Answer 43

- gram NEGATIVE - only need a few to cause disease - lead to hospitalization

Question 44

most common cause of death due to bacterial enteritis

Answer 44

shigella

Question 45

treatment for shigella

Answer 45

antibiotics

Question 46

treatment for enteritis

Answer 46

- rehydration! | - no antibiotics (exception..)!

Question 47

exceptions for antibiotics

Answer 47

- shigella - bad campylobacter - c diff - immunocompromised - invasive

Question 48

should a person with verotoxin-producing e coli (EHEC) have antibiotics

Answer 48

NO!

Question 49

viruses that cause enteritis

Answer 49

- calicivirus (norovirus, sapovirus) - rotavirus - adenovirus - astrovirus

Question 50

what causes 90% of all acute gastroenteritis in us

Answer 50

norovirus

Question 51

known as stomach flu

Answer 51

rotavirus

Question 52

which parasites can cause acute enteritis

Answer 52

- giardia - crytosporidium - cyclospora - entamoeba histolytica