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VMS 1004 > GI Tract, Species Comparison- Horses, Pigs and Rabbits > Flashcards

GI Tract, Species Comparison- Horses, Pigs and Rabbits Flashcards

1
Q

What is the implication of horses having an oesophagus lumen that narrows at the thoracic inlet

A

this predisposes them to choking

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2
Q

What is the nerve supply of the oesophagus in horses?

A

The vagus nerve,

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3
Q

What is the epithelium structure of the oesophagus in horses

A

Stratified squamous and it is keratinised

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4
Q

Where do you enter after the oesophagus?

A

The stomach

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5
Q

What does ‘composite stomach mean’

A

Has both glandular and non-glandular regions

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6
Q

Margo plicatus

A

separates the glandular and non-glandular regions

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7
Q

Which side of the stomach is more rough

A

non-glandular side

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8
Q

Why Can’t horses vomit?

A

strong sphincters, allow gas in but not back out

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9
Q

What does the Fundic gland region contain?

A

gastric pits, columnar epithelium and surface mucous cells

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10
Q

Where are columnar epithelium usually found?

A

In areas of high acidity (stomach)

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11
Q

What is the role of the mesentry?

A

to keep the duodenum and small intestine in place

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12
Q

What is a potential problem for the mesentry?

A

can become twisted

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13
Q

How are the illeum and caecum connected?

A

illeum is terminated at the ileal papillae and then leads to the caecum

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14
Q

Caecum

A

made up of three parts, base, body and apex- it is where fermentation takes place

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15
Q

What are some adaptations of the Large intestine/

A

contains bands or Taeniae- longitudinal smooth muscle cords on the caecum and segments of the colon

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16
Q

Sacculation

A

found on the large intestine, increases surface area and prolongs retention time

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17
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

A

Duodenum, ileum and the jejunum

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18
Q

Fundic gland region

A

tubes found in the fundus of the stomach, contain 2 or more tubes that open into a single duct

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19
Q

Duodenum

A

first part of the small intestine, very mobile and associated with the mesentry

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20
Q

What are the 3 parts of the coecum?

A

Base, Body and the Apex

21
Q

What are the parts of the Large intestine?

A

Cecum, Colon and the rectum

22
Q

How many bands does the coecum and ventral colon have?

A

4

23
Q

How many bands does the right dorsal colon have?

A

3

24
Q

What are the 3 parts of the colon?

A

Descending, Ascending and Transverse

25
Q

What is the most modified part of the colon?

A

Descending

26
Q

What are the parts of the Ascending colon?

A

RVC, sternal flexure, LVC, pelvic flexure, LDC, diaphragmatic flexure, RDC

27
Q

Rugae

A

folds in the stomach lining

28
Q

What is the function of the pyloric gland?

A

Secretes a mucus which coats the stomach and prevents it from destroying itself

29
Q

Fundic gland

A

Produces most of the stomach acid

30
Q

Pylorus

A

muscular valve that holds food in stomach

31
Q

Saccus Cecus

A

begisn digestion/ releases enzymes- furthest part from the oesophagus

32
Q

Nepro-splenic ligament

A

attaches the spleen and kidney together

33
Q

Diverticulum

A
34
Q

Colon in pigs

A

3D Shaped, coils around mesentry

35
Q

What organs are found on the left hand side of the horse?

A

Most of the small intestine, and the stomach

36
Q

What organs are found on the right hand side of the horse?

A

The caecum

37
Q

What lines the colon in the pig?

A

Mucosal surface is relatively flat and not lined with villi

38
Q

What is found on the left hand side of the pig?

A

The caecum (and the spleen is connected to the greater curvature of the stomach)

39
Q

What kind of stomach do rabbits have?

A

Thin walled and simple, with well-developed sphincters so they cannot vomit

40
Q

What adaptation makes rabbits agile?

A

They have a rapid digestion of food

41
Q

sacculus rotundus

A

junction between the illeum, caecum and colon

42
Q

Small intestine in rabbits

A

Shorter than in other animals, Pylorus and duodenum can be easily compressed

43
Q

Ileolic valve

A

Controls movement of ingesta from the illeum into the sacculus

44
Q

Caecum in rabbits

A

Most prominent organ, where all the fermentation occurs (full of lymphoid tissue)

45
Q

Fusus coli (in pigs)

A

Acts as a pacemaker to control digestion

46
Q

Cecotrophy

A

Reingesting nutrients from intestinal contents

47
Q

Which part of the stomach does the oesophagus enter?

A

The cardia region

48
Q

caecocolic orifice

A

sphincter between the caecum and the ascending colon

VMS 1004 (30 decks)

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