GIEL Flashcards
(18 cards)
what are the benefits nature and people provide to each other?
lowering air temp - vegetation –> reduce sunlight / cool via evapotranspiration
remove pollutants –> intercept / photosynthesis / trap suspended particles to improve water quality
recreation –> space for activities, physical n mental well-being
raise awareness –> protect envi eg. NParks dragonfly watch –> protect wildlife species
eg. take part in clean-upprograme
disadvantages people and nature bring about to each other?
soil erosion –> trample and soil compaction , no infiltration, higher surface runoff, wash away
damage vegetation + worsen pollution –> trample on vegetation –> damage and loss in biodiversity.
litter n pollute –> death when animals consume or get hurt by plastics
limit development –> can’t urbanise due to protection of nature areas.
eg. cross island line MRT cant be built in Central Catchment Nature Reserve.
human-wildlife conflicts –> expand urban areas into nature areas, wildlife venture out and disturb them
How can sense of place be built
repeated encounters –> create meaning and memories as frequently pass
significant events at landmarks –> positive or negative memories –> easy to spot and get reminded
gathering spaces –> social interaction, develop sense of attachment –> transformed into memorable places
how can it be enhanced / contradicted ?
media portrayal
- different emotions expressed on SM ab place
- positive comments / find out new information –> enhance and deepen sense for aplce
- negative comments –> contradicts sense of place
How is town planning done in Singapore
serves residents –> allocate land for housing + facilities. facilities allow residents to meet daily needs and provide job opportunities.
provide for nature –> Tengah town, 5km green corridor –> rich biodiversity, residents can travel by cycling, opportunities for leisure activities eg farming at community garden.
synergies and connections –> maximise use of scarse land by creating synergies in facilities to cater to diverse needs of current and future gens. eg. pocket parks and gardens help enhance biodiversity + opportunities for residents to engage in recreation. synergy created : envi and social needs.
spatial associations –> associate hdb and excercise corners , elderly easy access.
how can neighbourhoods achieve sustainability development?
envi
ample protection 4 nature –> gardens, pocket parks, trees variety of habitats and greenery. enhance biodiversity + habitats for wildlife to thrive in urban spaces. human-wildlife coexistence.
facilities that support waste mitigation –> recyclings bins to encourage recycling
sustainable resource designs for buildings –> eg. cool paint, cools envi, use less energy to cool place
water harvested from rain used to was hvoid decks, reduce water consumption
econ
high pop density –> suffucient demand for local goods and services, support local business, able to sustain. / keep infrastructure and transport cost low / take up employment at shops, earn income, higher qol.
buildings and facilities close vicinity –> walk, transport cost low.
social
shared community space –> promote social interactions, foster good relations, sense of place and shared identity.
small population size –> facilitate interaction , come tgt to discuss problems and solutions tgt, builds community resillience and positive relationships w mutual understanding, communication and respect –> harmony, sense of shared identity and belonging.
eg. residents network organise acrivites at zonal level, get tgt, social interaction.
what are ecosystem services
cause and impacts of FIRE hazard
cause : unattended cooking, faulty electrical appliances
impacts :
- burn injuries, disabilities or death from fire
- damage respiratory system from smoke inhalation.
- carbon monoxide poisoning –> dizziness, weakness hard to escape.
- economic losses as property damage, lose important things. money need to be spent to rebuild / repair damaged properties.
- mental trauma
eg. total of 3 fire fatalities and 200 injuries in 2021.
cause and impact of AIR hazards
AIR
cause : burning fossil fuels , exhaust emissions of vehicles
impacts :
- nitrogen dioxide produce from car engines –> asthma and lung decline
- particulate matter eg dust and soot –> respiratory infections and lung cancer.
eg. 8% of diseases in 2021 caused by air pollution in Singapore. largest contributors.
Cause and impact of TRAFFIC hazards ?
cause : speeding, drink-driving
impacts :
- accidents –> injuries / death
- lead to air pollution
eg. in 2021, 100 traffic accidents, 8 caused by drink driving.
How can environmental stewardship (take care of envi) be achieved ?
seek to responsibly use environment by
volunteerism
- raise awareness about importance of healthy ecosystems –> increase efforts to protect and responsiblt use evironment.
eg. NParks promote volunteerism, participate in mangrove restoration project , gain ownership and want to steward environment.
contribution of stakeholders –> residents work to recycle products –> government work to reuse recycled products and turn them into new products.
What is disaster risk management and how many it be strengthened ?
PLANS and ACTIONS implemented to prevent new risks / threat of risks –> aims to reduce vulnerability and exposure and increases preparedness.
disaster risk depends on
nature of hazard + vulnerability + exposure
preparedness programmes –> improving preparedness to respond to hazard eg. SCDF educates residents on basic first-aid and life-saving skills. when emergencies happen, more prepared and less vulnerable as can help others and themselves.
public warning systems –> eg. sirens to warn public of potential threats. allows for people to respond quickly and to be less exposed / vulnerable.
WHAT is community resilience and how may it be strengthened ?
ability for community to resist, adapt and recover from a hazars in timely and efficient manner.
fostering good neighbourly relations and increasing awareness on potential threats.
- depend on each other for support and help during emergencies
eg. PA organise events –> bring ppl from different bgs together –> community resilience evident when distribute mask to those who need it during COVID.
equipping residents with resources and skills to resist, adapt and recover.
- actively participate in projects to understand importance of having community resilience to minimize threats.
- eg. CFRs educate public on simple life-saving and firefighting skills –> equip them with knowledge on how to respond to threats
- help each other
What are types of data
Primary
Secondary
Qualitative
Quantitative
Quantitative before Qualitative :
Qualitative before Quantitative :
identify patterns and make observations –> examine reasons for pattern
make observations and get opinions –> verify them
What are some limitations of fieldwork ?
Study area –> only 1 location, no wide coverage of opinions and responses. inaccurate and unreliable
Sample size –> sample size too small, cannot collect sufficient data to make accurate representations.
Time available –> only 1 day, inaccurate
Availability of equipment –>
What are risks in fieldwork ?
Falls, cuts and injuries –> wear proper footwear
Traffic accidents –> take note of local traffic hazard
probability vs non-probabilty methods
Probability
- randomly selected w/o researchers conscious decision
- remove bias
- more representative
Non-probability
