singapore Flashcards
(24 cards)
1.3
what are some limitations singapore faces ?
- limited land
- limited natural resources
- changing demographics
–> SG total pop in 5.4 million , only 72% are citizens. - external shocks / global uncertainties
how does SG’s limitations –> VULNERABLE
- difficulty in achieving sustainable dev
- land must be optimised to meet needs of current and future
- hard to cater to all needs (soc, envi, econ) w such limited land
eg. dover forest –> was meant to be cut down in 2020 for residential development, however there were concerns about conserving forests –> compromised and only dedicated half of the forest fro residential development. - vulnerabiliy to food, water energy insecurities
- lack of natural resources –> vulnerable to food, energy adn water shortages- depend on other c for imports —> vulnerable to food shortage —> 2022 malaysia cut off chicken supply
- difficult to build reservoirs to inc water supply –> VULNERABLE to water shortages
- no local fossil fuel resources, all imported –> exposed to fluctuations in prices –> VULNERABLE to energy shortages –> eg. fossil fuel supply disruptions due to Russia-Ukraine conflict –> electricity more expensive
how does changing demographics –> VULNERABLE socially ?
- decreasing birth rates
- due to later marriages
local pop decrease, reliant on foreign talent for manpower and exposed to fluctuations / changes –> VULNERABLE
- eg. total fertility rate in 2022 dropped to 1.04, below replacement rate of 2.o - ageing population
- increasing life expectancy, low birth rate, median of age inc
- more resource allocate to elderly , reduced workforce, smaller economy –> VULNERABLE - increasingly diverse society
- citizens, PR, migrant workers, foreigners
- induce disputes, misunderstanding, discrimination –> VULNERABLE to social sustainability
how does changing demographics –> ECON susrainablity?
- labour shortages
- reduced workforce due to ageing pop
- part of workforce formed by foreign talent / workers due to small population
- if lack foreign workers –> VULNERABLE to labour shortages
- lack of workers –> economy less competitive –> detrimental - economic slowdown
- heavy involvement in international trade –> exposed to fluctuations in demand for goods / economic shocks
- VULNERABLE to economic slowdown
- eg. Asian financial crisis 1998 –> economic slowdown
- w ageing pop and labour shortages –> economic slowdown harder to recover as :
more money + resources goes into elderly
lack of workers to keep economy going, companies lose interest, dont invest.
what are some types of uncertainties that can make SG vulnerable ?
- economic uncertainties
- fluctuations in demand for goods –> fluctuation in availability of resources / prices of resources increase
- affect trade in singapore –> economy cannot prosper - social uncertainties
- more diverse –> misund, tensions, racial discrimi
- widening gen gap due to technology –> differing skills . workforce - environmental uncertainties
- climate change disasters having severe consequences if efforts to decarbonise are inadequate.
global shocks
climate change
- mean level rise about one metre by 2100
pandemics
- covid19 2020
financial crisis
- eg. Asian financial crisis 1997
how does SG survive ?
NATIONAL CRISIS
- tap on expertise, social unity, finance, diplomatic relations
- eg. 2013 haze episodes –> NEA provided regular air quality checks –> PA worked to distribute mask in neighbourhoods
- ECONOMIC RECESSIONS
- 1997 Asian financial crisis –> in repond to economic downfall and unemployment –> government lowered operational costs for businesses + provided money to households for basic needs –> 1999 economy recovering. - PANDEMICS
- series of protocols, boarder limitations
- eg. travel limitations
how does SG adapt to food insecurity
importing food
–> different countries, reduce dependence on single supply. diversify food sources from about 170 different countries –> NOT vulnerable to food shortages.
growing local
–> disruptions in global food supply, fall back to local food supply
–> EG. Jurong fishery port
growing overseas
–> having produce overseas, overcome land constraints in Singapore.
how does Singapore thrive ?
achieve a liveable and sustainable city
–> competitive economy –> enjoy economic security –> attracts global investments to contribute to economic prosperity
high quality of life
–> create sense of place in population
–> recreational spaces like park connecters built for people to engage in leisure activities / social activities
sustainable environment
–> ensures clean air, clean water and a lot of greenery
3.1
how does singapore ensure sustainable development
economy –> kept competitive by attracting investments + employment opp for all
envi –> kept clean and healthy + excellent air and water quality
social –> fosters community spirit + facilitates active participation from stakholders
why is it important for econ sus
- ensures economy remain competitive and attract investments despite limited resources / land
- investments –> ensures employment + foreign talent and innovations
why is it important for envi sus
- clean and healthy envi –> everyone clean streets, water, air –> good health –> social sus
- attracts biz / investments + appeal to tourists –> ECON SUS
- eg, 2015, haze crisis cost decline in tourism resulting in loss of 1.8 billion + disrupted daily activities eg schooling / working –> NO ECON AND SOCIAL SUS ! !
why is it important for social sus ?
- ensures an inclusive society where everyone progresses + work tgt to achieve high quality of life
- encouraging active participation where citizens work together to achieve common goals and develop shared values –> motivated to work tgt to achieve high quality of life for present and future generations
- eg. REACH forum, citizens voice out issues and discuss solutions –> develop shared values and high quality of life
what is integrated master planning ?
- structured framework with clear vision and shared outcome for government agencies –> trade-offs objectively discussed among stakeholders to maximise benefits of decision to the nation
- identify future problems + come up with solutions –> build community resilience
- long-term approach
- demands of current and future gens met
- identify demand for land use currently and in future and deciding best option that would benefit in long run
- e.g. marina bay originally for economic needs in 1970s, transformed into location that balances work, play culture and commerce - balance development
- ensures land provides residents w job, clean and green envi
- eg. marina bay, marina barrage tool for flood control + leisure activities
- office buildings near –> commerce
- gardens by the bay –> recreation + tourism
what is dynamic urban governance ?
- A comprehensive approach which involves different stakeholders
- involvement of different government stakeholders
- eg. Singapre green plan supporting sus dev, joint by 5 government agencies –> able to combine expertise / resources to achieve a common goal that would benefit all
- reap SYNERGIES - well thought out systems and processes
- accountable and trustworthy systems free of corruption
- e.g. PUBLIC SERVICE DIVISION promotes good governance by upholding good values –> ensures trust and confidence in government
What are Singapore’s envi and climate resilience strategies ?
- Continuous cleaning and greening
- clean envi –> social and econ growth
- eg. clean up of SG river 300million
- gov implemented public laws and enforcements to regulate cleanliness of environment
- eg. by 2030, Singaproe Green Plan aims to to develop 200 hectares of new park by 2026.
** ensure environment has many green spaces + is clean –> sustainable liveable envi –> envi sus
- mitigation efforts
- green buildings to MITIGATE energy / water / carbon waste
- eg. PARKROYAL hotel uses energy saving features like LEDs to mitigate energy usage
- eg. SG invested in solar tech, reduce carbon footprint
** this reduces waste, energy and water usage and promote sustainable usage of resources
- adaptation efforts
- SG adapted to food scarcity and worked to diversify imported food source
- ensures food and water resillience
What are Singapore’s economic resilience strategies ?
- deepening and diversifying international connections
- diverse connections to create business opportunities –> expand market to stay economically competitive and relevant
- eg. economic development board (EDB) works to connect Singapore with overseas partners - ability to innovate
- encourages innovations to and cope with global uncertainties and changes
- e.g. CENTRE OF QUANTUM TECHNOLOGIES came up to develop new AI to produce unbreakable cybersecurity codes, making SG very digitaly secure –> attractive for FDIs and MNCs.
- such innovation ensures that SG’s economy is attractive to investments + able to adapt to changes n uncertainties - Encourage the aquisition of new skills
- help with efficiency of job –> increase productivity
- rg. uni and poly have 500 diff courses on diff skills –> diverse and competitive workforce –> deal with economic challenges well in future
** ensures that SG economy is diverse, adaptable and able to cope with uncertainties to sustain itself.
what are Singapore’s social resilience efforts ?
- developing skills throughout life
- encourage to go beyond achieving basic academic qualification
- eg. MY skills future help SG pick up skills even in adults - Mobilising communities in preparedness measures
- preparing Singaporenas to stay unites during emergencies
- eg. national service –> REMAIN UNITED IN OVERCOMING DIFFICULTIES –> foster strong relationships to overcome difficulties tgt - creating shared spaces
- bring people from diff bgs together –> foster relationships –> strengthen unity in society
- eg. HDB builds playgrounds and void decks
** attitude of openness and willingness to learn –> better able to overcome difficulties
** strengthen relationships and unity –> overcome difficulties togetheree
what are Singapore’s environmental considerations ?
- Protecting life-support systems to maintain ecosystem services
- Must protect biodiversity and sustain ecosystem functions –> maintain ecosystem services –> continual support of life on earth - Limitations of Singapore
- limited land restrict using alternative energy sources like wind and solar
- hence must test solar panels on water and rooftops
- wind speed low due to frictional drag of buildings –> limit potential for wind power - Potential threats
- vulnerable to regional scale threats like haze
- eg. haze caused by forests in indo –> wind blow to Singapore
** by keeping in ind these considerations –> take active steps to prepare / adapt to it to ensure sustainable environment
what are singapore’s economic considerations ?
- achieving economic growth w/o compromising environment
- eg. Jurong islands created by merging several islands —> support growth of industries like petrochemical industry w/o affecting environment of residents
- currently Jurong islands is a destination where biofuels are produces and plastics are recycled.
what are singapore’s social considerations ?
- commitment and contribbution from stakeholders
- ensure stakeholders eg. indiv, community, biz, insitutios all work tgt
- gov created programmes for diff stakeholders to work together and plan for sustainable development
- eg. National Envi Agency created 3p partnership approach involving, people, private and public sectors to work tgt to address sustainability challenges
what are Singapore’s political considerations ?
- good governance
- ensures that all three pillars of sustainable development are balanced
- gov must lead with a clear vision that earns peoples support
- eg. Lee Kuan Yew and government has clear vision for Singapore to constantly have clean air, drinking water, sanitation, quality healthcare and education.
- political willpower also ensure sufficient resources can be dedicated to sus develop
- eg. government had political willpower and dedicated 40 billion to fight COVID pandemic –> resist and adapt in times of crisis - commitment to develop plans
- need to be committed to developing sustainably
- need to consider SG’s vulnerabilities to external and global uncertainties
- eg. Singapore green plan –> net zero carbon emission by 2050 –> to achieve this, increased carbon tax from $5 to $25 per tonne
- ONLY because of commitment, will goals and plans be met and sus dev can be achieved.
