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gastrointestinal system > GIT anat > Flashcards

GIT anat Flashcards

1
Q

what is the course of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line?

A

runs both anterior and posterior to rectus abdominis muscle

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2
Q

what is the course of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line?

A

runs only anterior to rectus abdominis muscle

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3
Q

where does the superior epigastric artery branch from?

A

internal thoracic artery

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4
Q

what nerve provides motor innervation to the rectus abdominis muscle?

A

thoracoabdominal nerve

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5
Q

what nerves contribute to motor innervation of external and internal oblique muscles and transversus abdominis muscle?

A

lower thoracic n. and lumbar n.

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6
Q

what makes up the anterior border of the inguinal canal?

A

aponeurosis of external and internal oblique muscles

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7
Q

what makes up the superior border of inguinal canal?

A

muscle fibres of internal oblique and transversus abdominis

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8
Q

what makes up the inferior border of inguinal canal?

A

inguinal ligament and lacunar ligament

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9
Q

what makes up the posterior border of inguinal canal?

A

transversalis fascia and conjoint tendon (internal oblique and transversus abdominis)

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10
Q

what landmark is used to distinguish between direct and indirect inguinal hernias?

A

hasselbach’s triangle

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11
Q

where does the left testicular vein drain into?

A

left renal vein

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12
Q

where does the right testicular vein drain into?

A

directly into IVC

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13
Q

which two ligaments make up the lesser omentum?

A

hepatogastric and hepatoduodenal ligaments

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14
Q

what makes up the dorsal mesentery?

A

gastrosplenic ligament, splenorenal ligament and greater omentum

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15
Q

what makes up the ventral mesentery?

A

falciform ligament and lesser omentum

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16
Q

what is the most dependable part in a supine/erect female?

A

rectouterine pouch

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17
Q

what is the most dependable part in a supine/erect male?

A

rectovesical pouch

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18
Q

what is the Morrison’s pouch also known as?

A

hepatorenal pouch

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19
Q

what is the embryological origin of the ligamentum teres?

A

umbilical vein

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20
Q

what is the median umbilical ligament derived from?

A

urachus (connect apex of bladder to umbilicus to drain urine in foetus)

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21
Q

what is the medial umbilical ligament derived from?

A

umbilical artery

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22
Q

what vertebral level is the transpyloric plane?

A

L1

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23
Q

which lymph nodes are involved in lymphatic drainage of testes?

A

para-aortic (lumbar) LNs

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24
Q

which lymph nodes are involved in lymphatic drainage of scrotum?

A

superficial inguinal LNs

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25
Q

where is testicular pain referred to?

A

T10 (periumbilical pain)

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26
Q

which nerve roots does the greater splanchnic nerve originate from?

A

T5-9

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27
Q

which nerve roots does the lesser splanchnic nerve originate from?

A

T10-11

28
Q

which nerve roots does the lumbar splanchnic nerve originate from?

A

L1-2/3

29
Q

what is the parasympathetic innervation to the foregut and midgut?

A

vagus n. (CN X)

30
Q

what is the parasympathetic innervation to the hindgut?

A

pelvic splanchnic n. (S2-4)

31
Q

where are the 3 normal constrictions of oesophagus?

A

C6: cricoid cartilage (cervical)
T4-5: aortic arch (thoracic)
T10: oesophageal hiatus of diaphragm (abdominal)

32
Q

where does the oesophagus start and end?

A

C6 (cricoid cartilage) to T11 (LOS)

33
Q

where does the left gastric vein drain into?

A

portal vein

34
Q

where does the oesophageal veins drain into?

A

right: azygos vein –> SVC
left: hemiazygos vein –> azygos vein –> SVC

35
Q

what does the Pringle manoeuvre involve?

A

clamping the hepatoduodenal ligament to interrupt blood flow in proper hepatic artery to limit liver bleeding

36
Q

which two veins converge into the portal vein?

A

splenic vein and SMV

37
Q

what is the portal triad made of?

A
  1. branch of hepatic artery
  2. common bile duct
  3. portal vein
38
Q

what is Hartmann’s pouch?

A

found in neck of gallbladder
common location for gallstones to lodge

39
Q

what is the only intraperitoneal part of the pancreas?

A

tail of pancreas

40
Q

which ligament does the short gastric a. and left gastroepiploic artery run through?

A

gastrosplenic ligament

41
Q

the spleen is located between __ and ____ ribs in LUQ

A

between 9th and 11th ribs

42
Q

which vein drains blood from the head of the pancreas?

A

SMV

43
Q

what is the ligament of treitz/suspensory muscle of duodenum?

A

serves as superior retention band by preventing foregut rotation along with midgut

44
Q

what is the phrenicocolic ligament?

A

serves as inferior retention band by preventing hindgut rotation along with the midgut

45
Q

is the ligament of treitz attached to the cranial or caudal limb?

A

cranial limb

46
Q

where is visceral pain from the midgut referred to?

A

periumbilical area (T10)

47
Q

where is visceral pain from the foregut referred to?

A

epigastric area (T8-9)

48
Q

what are the spaces between haustra called?

A

plicae semilunaris

49
Q

after which point are there no haustra?

A

rectosigmoid junction (S3)

50
Q

what artery supplies the caecum?

A

ileocolic artery

51
Q

where is visceral pain from hindgut referred to?

A

suprapubic area (T11-12)

52
Q

what type of epithelium lines the superior anal canal?

A

simple columnar epithelium

53
Q

what type of epithelium lines the inferior anal canal?

A

stratified squamous epithelium

54
Q

what artery supplies the inferior anal canal and what vein drains it?

A

inferior rectal artery
inferior rectal vein

55
Q

what artery supplies the superior anal canal and what vein drains it?

A

superior rectal artery (branch of IMA)
superior rectal vein –> IMV

56
Q

where does the lumbar splanchnic nerve synapse at?

A

inferior mesenteric ganglion

57
Q

which artery may be affected with a perforated gastric ulcer?

A

splenic artery

58
Q

which artery(s) may be affected with a perforated duodenal ulcer?

A

gastroduodenal or pancreticoduodenal artery

59
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of inferior anal canal?

A

superficial inguinal nodes

60
Q

what is the lymphatic drainage of superior anal canal?

A

internal iliac LN

61
Q

which of the following is NOT a site of anastomosis between the portal and systemic circulation?
a) middle colic and right colic aa.
b) superior rectal and inferior rectal vv.
c) left gastric and oesophageal aa.
d) paraumbilical and epigastric vv.

A

a) middle colic and right colic aa.

62
Q

what arteries run through the hepatogastric ligament?

A

left and right gastric arteries

63
Q

Which of the following is NOT a border of calot’s triangle?
a) Common hepatic duct
b) Inferior surface of the liver
c) Common bile duct
d) Cystic duct

A

c) common bile duct

64
Q

what event drives the foregut rotation?

A

growth of LIVER forces foregut to rotate to the RIGHT, where dorsal aspect has greater growth than ventral aspect

65
Q

which of the following structures do not arise from gut tube?
a. liver
b. spleen
c. stomach
d. pancreas

A

b. spleen

66
Q

The parietal mesoderm layer:
a. is insensitive to pain
b. senses temperature
c. allows for gut expansion and decreased friction
d. is involved in movement of the gut tube

A

b. senses temperature

gastrointestinal system (8 decks)

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