Glacial landscapes in the UK

Question 1

Why do glaciers move downhill

Answer 1

Because of gravity and the weight of the ice

Question 2

Basal Sliding

Answer 2

The movement of glaciers using meltwater under the ice as lubricant

Question 3

Abrasion

Answer 3

Rock stuck in the ice grinds against rock underneath the glacier

Question 4

Plucking

Answer 4

Meltwater freezes onto the rock at the sides and base of the glacier. When the glacier moves forward the rock gets pulled out and along with it.

Question 5

Rotational Slip

Answer 5

Ice moves in a circular rotation eroding landscape into bowl shapes

Question 6

Freeze thaw weathering

Answer 6

Water in cracks freezes and expands putting pressure on the rock. Then the ice thaws releasing the pressure. Repetition of this weakens the rock.

Question 7

What does plucking do

Answer 7

It steepens the back wall of the Corrie

Question 8

What does abrasion do

Answer 8

It deepens the Corrie base

Question 9

Till

Answer 9

A mixture of material carried by glaciers

Question 10

Arête

Answer 10

A narrow steep sided ridge formed when two glaciers flow in parallel valleys

Question 11

Corrie

Answer 11

Steep sided armchair shape with a lip at the bottom end

Question 12

Ribbon lakes

Answer 12

Long thin lake formed when soft rock gets eroded faster than surrounding hard rock

Question 13

U-shaped valley

Answer 13

Steep sided valley with a flat floor. Formed when the glacier erodes a v-shaped valley into a U-shaped valley.

Question 14

Pyramidal peak

Answer 14

Pointed peak formed by at least three back to back glaciers

Question 15

What is the last 1.8million years called

Answer 15

Pleistocene

Question 16

How many years ago did the last glacial end

Answer 16

10 000 years ago

Question 17

What causes the interglacial peroids

Answer 17

to do with the orbit of our planet around the sun and its tilt

Question 18

Formation of a glacier

Answer 18

Ice forms where enough snow builds up and pressure causes it to slowly compact and increase in density. This process takes more than a hundred years

Question 19

subglacial material

Answer 19

material is plucked from the rock beneath the glacier so is carried under the ice

Question 20

Englacial material

Answer 20

some materials fall into crevasses and is carried in the ice

Question 21

supraglacial material

Answer 21

some material falls onto the ice from surrounding mountain sides and is carried on top

Question 22

Bulldozing

Answer 22

when a glacier moves forward it acts like a giant earthmover, bulldozing piles of rock debris in front of it.

Question 23

where does moraine come from

Answer 23

when sediment that was carried along by the glacier gets deposited

Question 24

What is a positive mass balance

Answer 24

when accumulation is greater than ablation

Question 25

Inputs at an accumulation zone

Answer 25

Avalanches and snowfall

Question 26

Outputs at an ablation zone

Answer 26

Evaporation and outwash

Question 27

What is the Net Glacier Balance

Answer 27

where the gain from accumulation matches losses from ablation

Question 28

Why do corrie lips form

Answer 28

because there is less erosion at the front where the glacier leaves the corrie hollow to flow down the valley

Question 29

Example of an Arete

Answer 29

Crib Goch, Snowdonia in North Wales

Question 30

Example of a Glacial Trough

Answer 30

Nant Francon Valley, Snowdonia, North Wales

Question 31

2 ways of making ribbon lakes

Answer 31

Differential erosion When 2 glaciers join (they are more powerful together so erode the basin floor easier)

Question 32

How are interlocking spurs formed

Answer 32

when a river erodes the upper valley it cuts down while meandering in and out of the surrounding rock

Question 33

What are drumlins

Answer 33

smooth, long mounds of material formed parallel to the ice movement, often found in swarms

Question 34

How are drumlins created

Answer 34

When the glacier deposits material too heavy to carry any longer and forms mounds. This then gets smoothed over time and ends up with a smooth uphill side and a steep downhill side

Question 35

How are drumlins used in the present day

Answer 35

- good for hill sheep farming - good for settlements as they raise the land. houses can be build above the muddy flood plain

Question 36

Moraine

Answer 36

Unsorted material produced by glacial erosion

Question 37

Ground Moraine

Answer 37

Found underneath the glacier

Question 38

Terminal moraine

Answer 38

Found deposited in a ridge at the maximum advance of the ice

Question 39

Lateral moraine

Answer 39

come from the valley side and are found running parallel to those valley sides

Question 40

Medial moraine

Answer 40

Found running down the middle of a valley formed by two lateral moraines from two glaciers coming together

Question 41

Recessional Moraine

Answer 41

Found running parallel to terminal moraine and mark the retreat of a glacier where the ice has been static for long enough

Question 42

Five types of moraine

Answer 42

Ground Terminal Lateral Medial Recessional

Question 43

Example of a location of drumlins

Answer 43

to the South East of Kendal

Question 44

How does quarrying in Upland areas attract tourists

Answer 44

Some slate mines and quarries are becoming tourist attractions as they are sometimes used in films

Question 45

Quarrying in upland areas

Answer 45

Granite, slate and limestone quarried extensively Lake District is the centre of slate quarrying which is used for roofing tiles

Question 46

What farming is done in upland areas

Answer 46

NO CROPS steep slopes, high rainfall, cool temperatures, low sunshine, hard rocks and thin soils mean that they aren't possible HILL SHEEP FARMING it occupies large areas of land and is low in intensity of capital and labour

Question 47

How are the upland areas used for forestry

Answer 47

extensive coniferous woodland been planted as it is very fast growing used for timbre, furniture, biofuels and building

Question 48

How are the upland areas used in tourism

Answer 48

Lakes and mountains offer walking, climbing and watersports military training means low flying planes = free air show beautiful scenery