Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

ophthalmology > Glaucoma > Flashcards

Glaucoma Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What produces aqueous humour

A

Non-pigmented epithelium of the pars plicats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 3 main processes for the production of aqueous humour

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Ultrafiltration
  3. Active secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What makes the aqueous humour optically clear

A

Ultrafiltration phase where the soluble substance is fenestrated across the ciliary capillary resulting in it becoming protein free

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What affect does B2 have on aqueous humour

A

Increases aqueous secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What affect does a2 stimulation have on aqueous humour

A

Decreases aqueous secretion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 routes of aqueous outflow

A
  • trabecular outflow
  • uveoscleral drainage
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the conventional route of aqueous outflow

A

Aka trabecular outflow
- 90% of outflow

Through the trabeculum, through the canal of Schlemm and into episcleral veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is uveoscleral drainage

A

Across ciliary body into suprachoroidal space and is drained by venous circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What affect will increasing IOP have on outflow of aqueous humour

A

Increase outflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the normal range of IOP

A

11-21 mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is IOP measure

A

To nome try

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Neuroretinal rim thickness

A

ISNT
- inferior
- superior
- nasal
- temporal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is a normal cup to disc ratio

A

0.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is disc cupping

A

When disc ratio is larger than 0.3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Risk factors of primary open angle glaucoma

A
  • age
  • fh
  • African
  • myopia
  • diabetes
  • raised IOP
  • hypertension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is aqueous humour produced

A

Posterior chamber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is another name for the anterior chamber angle

A

Iridocorneal angle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What time is IOP highest

A

In the morning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Is central corneal thickness higher in POAG

A

Yea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What endocrine disorder is associated with normal tension glaucoma

A

Thyroid disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Risk factors for acute angle closure glaucoma

A
  • age
  • Asian
  • female
  • hyperopia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Symptoms of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Painful red eye
Blurry vision
Halos
Headache
Vomiting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Pupil in acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Fixed mid dilated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Management of acute angle closure glaucoma

A

Acetazolamide - carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Pilocarpine - miotic agent
Timolol

2nd line
Mannitol
Brimonidine

Definitive
Laser iridotomy - done for both eyes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the 3 classes of secondary open angle glaucoma
Pre-trabecular Trabecular Post trabecular
26
What type of glaucoma is pseudoexfoliative
Secondary open angle
27
What mutation is seen in pseudoexfolaition glaucoma
LOXL1
28
Features of pseudoexfoliation
Krukenberg spindles Aqueous flare
29
What glaucoma is being described Posterior layer of the iris rubs against the zonule as a result of excessive bowing of the mid-peripheral portion
Pigment dispersion syndrome
30
What is the pigment deposited like in pigment dispersion syndrome
Krukenberg spindles
31
What has the following features Blurred vision on exertion
Pigment dispersion syndrome
32
What does neovascular glaucoma occur as a result of
Rubeosis iridis
33
What does retinal ischaemia cause the release of
VEGF Interleukin 6
34
Causes of neovascular glaucoma
CRVO - most common Diabetes Retinal detachment
35
Can you use miotics in neovascular glaucoma
No
36
Cause of uveitic glaucoma
Fuchs uveitis
37
1st line for uveitic glaucoma
Beta blocker
38
What is posner-schlossman syndrome
Recurrent attacks of unilateral raised IOP{
39
Causes of posner schlossman syndrome
H pylori CMV HLA BW5
40
Phacolytic glaucoma
Occurs due to hyper mature cataract
41
When does red cell glaucoma occur
Acutely after hyphema and blunt trauma
42
When does ghost cell glaucoma occur
Few weeks after vitreous haemorrhage
43
What does iridocorneal endothelial syndrome include
Chandler Cogan-reese Iris atrophy
44
SECONDARY CLSOED ANGLE
SECONDARY CLOSED ANGLE
45
Phacomorphic glaucoma features
Same as primary closed angle but with cataract
46
What size of lens has a greater risk of dislocation
Small lens
47
What is an iris bombé seen in
Uveitic glaucoma
48
What gene is implicated for congenital glaucomas
CYP1B1
49
What is another gene that is implicated in congenital glaucomas
MYOC
50
What is the triad of primary congenital glaucoma
Photophobia Epiphora Blepharospasm
51
What tonometer is used in children
Perkins
52
What is average IOP in newborn
10-12
53
What is seen on slip lamp of congenital glaucoma
Haab striae
54
How do prostaglandins work
Increase uveoscleral aqueous outflow
55
Example of prostaglandin
Latanoprost
56
Side effect of prostaglandin
- hyperaemia - eyelash thickening, lengthening - iris hyperpigmentation - increased risk of cystoid macular oedema
57
MoA of beta blocker
Decrease aqueous production
58
When should beta blockers not be applied
At bedtime as they exacerbate hypotension during sleep
59
MoA of a2 agonist
Decrease aqueous production and increase uveoscleral outflow
60
Example of a2 agonist
Apraclonidine
61
Side effect of brimonidine
Allergic conjunctivitis
62
MoA of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Inhibit aqueous secretion
63
When are carbonic anhydrase inhibitors contraindicated
Sulfonamdie alert
64
Example of carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Brinzolamide
65
What is laser iridotomy mainly used for
Primary angle closure glaucoma
66
What laser is used for laser iridotomy
Nd:YAG laser
67
What is given to prevent bleb failure post trabeculotoym
5-fluorouracil Mitomycin c
68
When is laser trabeculoplasty used
Open angle glaucomas

ophthalmology (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions