Glenohumeral Joint (GH JOINT)

Question 1

what shape is the GH joint?

Answer 1

ball and soccer

Question 2

what are the articulating surfaces at the GH joint?

Answer 2

glenoi fossa articulates with the head of humerus

Question 3

what does the GH joint have to improve the bony fit?

Answer 3

glenoid labrum

Question 4

how does the glenoid labrum improve the bony fit?

Answer 4

by deepening the socket

Question 5

labrum

Answer 5

rim of fibrocartilage to deepen socket (improve bony fit)

Question 6

what are the 4 main ligaments at the gh joint?

Answer 6

1) Glenohumeral ligament
2) Coracohumeral Ligament
3) Coracoacromial Ligament (arch)
4) Transverse Humeral Ligament

Question 7

what are the proximal and distal attachments of the GH ligament?

Answer 7

proximal: margin of glenoid fossa
distal: anatomical neck of humerus

Question 8

GH ligament is ___ capsular ligaments that surround the GH joint anteriorly

Answer 8

3

Question 9

what does the GH ligament restrict?

Answer 9

lateral rotation of the glenohumeral joint

Question 10

what are the proximal and distal attachments of the Coracohumeral ligament?

Answer 10

proximal: coracoid process
Distal: greater tubercle

Question 11

what does the coracohumeral ligament restrict?

Answer 11

upward displacement of the humerus and lateral rotation of the GH joint

Question 12

what are the proximal and distal attachments of the coracoacromial ligament?

Answer 12

Proximal: coracoid process
Distal: accordion process

Question 13

what does the coracoacromial ligament form?

Answer 13

forms an arch above the GH joint

Question 14

what does the coracoacromial ligament restrict

Answer 14

restricts dislocation of humerus in superior direction

Question 15

subacromial bursa

Answer 15

reduces friction between supraspinatous tendon and acromial process

Question 16

the Transverse humeral ligament runs obliquely from _______ to _______, bridging over bicipital groove.

Answer 16

from greater to lesser tubercle

Question 17

what does the transverse humeral ligament convert the bicipital groove into?

Answer 17

a call which holds biceps brachia tendon in place

Question 18

true or false: the GH joint has a poor fit and lax joint capsule

Answer 18

true

Question 19

true or false: it is impossible to dislocate the GH joint

Answer 19

FALSE: it is very commonly dislocated

Question 20

what is important to GH joint stability

Answer 20

muscular support

Question 21

what are the rotator cuff muscles

Answer 21

4 muscles that support the GH joint - their tendons blend with the GH capsule to lend support

Question 22

what do the rotator cuff muscles do

Answer 22

help pull humeral head into glenoid fossa

Question 23

what is the name given to the rotator cuff muscles

Answer 23

SITS muscles

Question 24

What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?

Answer 24

1) supraspinatus
2) infraspinatus
3) teres minor
4) subscapularis

Question 25

What are the origin and insertion for the supraspinatus muscle?

Answer 25

origin: supraspinous fossa insertion: greater tubercle of the humerous

Question 26

what is the main action of the supraspinatus muscle

Answer 26

initiates the first 15 degrees of GH abduction

Question 27

where does the supraspinatus muscle support the GH joint

Answer 27

Superiorly

Question 28

What are the origin and insertion of the infraspinatus ligament?

Answer 28

Origin: infraspinous fossa Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 29

what is the main action of the infraspinatus muscle?

Answer 29

lateral rotation of the GH joint

Question 30

where does the infraspinatus muscle support the GH joint?

Answer 30

posteriorly

Question 31

What are the origin and insertion of the Teres Minor?

Answer 31

Origin: Axillary border of the scapula Insertion: Greater tubercle of the humerus

Question 32

what is the main action of the the teres minor muscle?

Answer 32

lateral rotation of the GH joint

Question 33

where does the Teres minor muscle support the GH joint?

Answer 33

posteriorly

Question 34

What are the origin and insertion of the subscapularis?

Answer 34

Origin: Subscapular Fossa Insertion: Lesser Tubercle

Question 35

What is the main action of the subscapularis?

Answer 35

medial rotation of the GH joint

Question 36

where does the subscapularis muscle support the GH joint?

Answer 36

anteriorly

Question 37

what are the 5 movements of the GH joint?

Answer 37

1) Flexion/Extension 2) Abduction/Adduction 3 Circumduction 4) Lateral/Medial Rotation 5) Horizontal Flexion/Extension

Question 38

what is ROM in pure abduction increased by?

Answer 38

upward rotation of the scapula

Question 39

what is scapulohumeral rhythm

Answer 39

2 degrees of abduction for every 1 degree of upward rotation

Question 40

what are some typical problems at the GH joint?

Answer 40

1) dislocation 2) overuse 3) impingement 4) Bicipital tendinitis

Question 41

GH dislocation

Answer 41

can occur anteriorly, posteriorly or inferiorly

Question 42

GH overuse injury

Answer 42

repetitive overhead movements (especially with rotation)

Question 43

GH impingement

Answer 43

supraspinatus tendon pinched between acromion and head of humerus

Question 44

bicipital tendonitis

Answer 44

long head of biceps brachia tendon runs through GH joint capsule (intracapsular) and becomes inflamed