Pelvic Girdle - Class #2 Flashcards
(90 cards)
1
Q
the two bones that make up the pelvic girdle
A
innominate bones
2
Q
the bony pelvis is made up of what 3 things?
A
1) sacrum
2) Coccyx
3) innominates
3
Q
What are the 3 functions of the pelvis?
A
1) protection (abdomen and reproductive organs)
2) weight bearing
3) locomotion
4
Q
what is the superior part of the innominate bone?
A
ilium
5
Q
what is the inferior and posterior part of the innominate bone?
A
ischium
6
Q
what is the inferior and anterior part of the innominate bone?
A
pubis
7
Q
three bones meet at a large depression called the ______
A
acetabulum
8
Q
3 facts about the acetabulum?
A
1) where 3 bones fuse
2) found on the external surface of the innominates
3) “socket” of the hip joint
9
Q
fossa
A
hollow/depressed
10
Q
tuberosity
A
large rounded elevation
11
Q
notch
A
indentation at the end of bone
12
Q
where is the attachment for the iliac muscle?
A
iliac fossa
13
Q
spine
A
thorn-like projection
14
Q
tubercle
A
small, raised part of bone (for ligament attachment)
15
Q
ramus
A
bar of bone
16
Q
foramen
A
hole or passageway through bone
17
Q
acetabulum
A
where ilium, ischium and pubis meet
18
Q
what surface of the innominate bone is the acetabulum found on?
A
external
19
Q
which bony landmark is covered by the acetabular labrum
A
lunate surface
20
Q
4 ways to identify the orientation of innominate bone
A
1) superiorly - iliac crest
2) inferiorly - obturator foramen
3) posteriorly - sciatic notch
4) laterally - acetabulum
21
Q
crest
A
ridge of bone
22
Q
line
A
linear elevation
23
Q
5 fused vertebral bones, form the triangular shaped _____
A
sacrum
24
Q
where is the sacrum located
A
posteriorly, between the innominate bones
25
is the sacrum convex or concave posteriorly
convex
26
the base of the sacrum articulates with what?
the disc of lumbar vertebrae #5
27
where is the sacral promontory located
directly under the base of the sacrum (on the anterior side)
28
where are the exits for nerves and blood vessels on the anterior surface of the sacrum?
anterior sacral foramina
29
auricular surface
ear shaped
30
what is analogous to spinous processes of vertebrae?
medial sacral crest
31
_____ is the enclosed passageway of the sacrum that houses nerves
sacral canal
32
what is the better name for the "tailbone"
coccyx
33
_____ is inferior to the sacrum
coccyx
34
___ fused vertebral bones make up the coccyx
4
35
why is the bony pelvis made up of large and heavy bones?
for weight bearing and locomotion
36
what complete shape does the bony pelvis form and why
complete circle and protects internal organs
37
inlet
brim
38
pelvic inlet
superior opening
39
what is the pelvic inlet delineated by
iliopectineal line and sacral promontory
40
pelvic outlet
inferior opening
41
true pelvis
inferior to pelvic inlet
42
false pelvis
superior to pelvic inlet
43
differences between inlet shape of bony pelvis in men and women
men -circular/heart
| women - oval/wider
44
differences between inlet width of bony pelvis in men and women
men - narrower
| women - wider
45
differences between sacral width of bony pelvis in men and women
men - narrower
| women - wider (to accomodate space)
46
differences between sacral curve of bony pelvis in men and women
men - curved in and under
| women - less curved
47
differences between pubic arch of bony pelvis in men and women
men - "v" shaped
| women - "u" shaped
48
the sacroiliac joint is the articulation between the _______ of the ilium and the __________ of the sacrum
articular surface of the ilium and the auricular surface of the sacrum
49
what type of joint is the sacroiliac joint?
synovial - plane joint
50
___ strong ligaments support the sacroiliac joint
5
51
the weight of the upper body is transferred to the lower body through the _______ joint
sacroiliac joint
52
what are the 5 ligaments of the sacroiliac joint?
1) anterior sacroiliac ligament
2) posterior sacroiliac ligament
3) iliolumbar ligament
4) sucrospinous ligament
5) sucrotuberous ligament
53
what are the attachment points of the anterior sacroiliac ligament?
anterior sacrum to iliac fossa
54
what are the attachment points of the posterior sacroiliac ligament?
sacral tuberosity to iliac tuberosity
55
what are the attachment points of the iliolumbar ligament?
5th lumbar vertebrae to iliac crest
56
what are the attachment points of the sacrospinous ligament?
posterior aspect of the sacrum to ischial spine
57
what are the attachment points of the sacrotuberous ligament?
posterior aspect of the sacrum to ischial tuberosity
58
what is the purpose of the anterior sacroiliac ligament, the posterior sacroiliac ligament and the iliolumbar ligament?
to resist the pulling apart of the innominate bones
59
what is the purpose of the sacrospinous ligament and the sacrotuberous ligament?
resists tilting of the sacrum into pelvis
60
which two ligaments cross to create the greater and lesser sciatic foramen
sacrospinous an sacrotuberous
61
the symphysis pubis is the articulation between the ______ of each pubic bone
symphyscal surface
62
what kind of joint is the symphysis pubis?
cartilaginous
63
what gives the symphysis pubis slight, but minimal movement
dense fibrocartilage disc
64
_______ cartilage is on the ends of the articulating surfaces of the symphysis pubis?
hyaline cartilage
65
why does the dense fibrocartilage disc (and the sacroiliac joint) of the symphysis soften during pregnancy
for expansion of the birth canal (due to the hormone relaxin)
66
what is the longest and heaviest bone in the body?
femur
67
Angle of the femur
quadriceps "q" angle
68
why does the femur have a q angle?
to support bipedal posture (obliquely angled towards the midline)
69
increased angle of femur = what?
increase stress on knees = increased risk of injury to knee structures
70
what are the degrees of the femur angle in men? women?
men - 14 degrees
| women - 17 degrees
71
which bony landmark provides blood supply to the head of the femur?
fovea capitis
72
which condyle of the femur is longer and why?
medial condyle is longer than lateral -- important for knee mechanics
73
what is the difference between condyles and epicondyles
larger than epicondyle and participate in the joint
74
3 ways to identify the orientation of the femur?
1) superiorly -head
2) anteriorly - patellar surface
3) posteriorly - condyles
75
what type of joint is the hip joint
synovial - ball and socket - multi-axial
76
what articulates n the hip joints
the acetabulum of the innominate bone articulates with the head of the femur
77
______ of the acetabulum deepens "socket" of hip joint
labrum
78
what are the 2 attachment points for the ligament of the head of the femur?
fovea capitis and acetabular notch
79
what is another name for the ligament of the head of the femur?
ligamentum teres of the femur
80
what are the 3 capsular ligaments that reinforce the hip joint and prevent excessive extension (hyperextension)
1) iliofemoral ligament
2) ischiofemoral ligament
3) pubofemoral ligament
81
attachment points for the iliofemoral ligament
anterior inferior iliac spine to greeater trochanter and intertrochanteric lin
82
attachment points for the ischiofemoral ligament
posterior acetabular margin (ischium) to greater trochanter and intertrochanteric line
83
attahcment points for the pubofemoral ligament
body of pubis to neck of femur
84
iliofemoral ligament restrictuon
hip hyperextension and external rotation
85
ischiofemoral ligament restriction
hip hyperextension and medial rotation
86
pubofemoral ligament restriction
hip hyperetenion and abduction
87
reinforcement of iliofemoral ligament?
reinforces joint capsule anteriorly
88
reinforcement of ischiofemoral ligament?
reinforces joint capsule superiorly and posteriorly
89
reinforcement of pubofemoral ligament?
reinforces joint capsule inferiorly
90
true or false: proximal attachment of ischiofemoral ligament is posterior while distal attachment is anterior
true
