Vertebral Column Muscles

Question 1

what is the collective name of the per-vertebral muscles

Answer 1

abdominals

Question 2

what is the collective name of the post-vertebral muscles

Answer 2

erector spinae

Question 3

what is the action that both the pre and post vertebral muscles perform

Answer 3

lateral flexion

Question 4

what is the action of the abdominals?

Answer 4

trunk flexion

Question 5

what is the action of the erector spinae

Answer 5

trunk extension

Question 6

what are the post vertebral muscles seen as on either side of the vertebral column

Answer 6

seen as 2 large columns of muscle on either side of the vertebral column

Question 7

what are the post vertebral muscles surrounded by anteriorly and posteriorly?

Answer 7

thoracolumbar fascia

Question 8

what is thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 8

layer of fascia that covers the deeper muscles (deep to Latissimus Dorsi) of the back

Question 9

what is the common origin of the erector spinal group?

Answer 9

Posterior sacrum and iliac crest

Question 10

what are the 3 Erector Spinae muscles

Answer 10

1) spinalis
2) longissimus
3) iliocostalis

Question 11

what is the origin and insertion for spinals

Answer 11

Origin = sacrum and iliac crest
Insertion = spinous processes (sides)

Question 12

What is the main action of spinals, Longissimus and iliocostalis

Answer 12

trunk extension

Question 13

what is the origin and insertion for Longissimus?

Answer 13

Origin: Sacrum and Iliac Crest
Insertion: Transverse Processes

Question 14

What is the origin and insertion for Iliocostalis?

Answer 14

Posterior aspect of the ribs

Question 15

what is the order from medial to lateral of the erector spinae?

Answer 15

spinalis, longissimus, ilocostalis

Question 16

which erector spinae muscle is palpable behind the ear

Answer 16

longissimus

Question 17

what is the importance of the many short muscles that run between vertebrae

Answer 17

important for segmental movementsand stability

Question 18

where do the transversospinalis muscles run

Answer 18

fill in gaps between spinous processes and transverse processes

Question 19

what are the 3 transversospinalis muscles of the deep muscles of the back?

Answer 19

Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores

Question 20

Where do the segmental muscles run?

Answer 20

between various segments

Question 21

what are the 3 segmental muscles of the deep muscles of the back?

Answer 21

Interspinalis, Intertransversarii, Levatores Costarum

Question 22

What is the origin and insertion for Quadratus Lumborum

Answer 22

Origin: iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament and transverse process of L5
Insertion: rib 12 and transverse processes of L1-L4

Question 23

what is the main action(s) of Quadratus Lumborum?

Answer 23

Trunk extension (unilaterally), Lateral Flexion (bilaterally), stabilize the 12th rib during inspiration, and stabilize pelvis

Question 24

__________ are the flat, wide muscles that form the anterior and lateral abdominal wall

Answer 24

Pre Vertebral Muscles

Question 25

what are the pre vertebral muscles innervated by?

Answer 25

intercostal nerves

Question 26

what are the 2 functions of the pre vertebral muscles?

Answer 26

1) protection - abdominal contents | 2) movement - trunk into flexion

Question 27

how are the pre vertebral muscles arranged?

Answer 27

four muscles arranged in 3 layers laterally and one on either side of the midline

Question 28

the 3 lateral (pre vertebral) muscles become _______ medially

Answer 28

aponeurotic

Question 29

where do the Pre vertebral muscles meet?

Answer 29

linea alba

Question 30

linea alba

Answer 30

"white line" - where aponeurosis of one side meets aponeurosis of the other side

Question 31

where does the linea alba run?

Answer 31

from xiphoid process to symphysis pubis

Question 32

what are the 4 prevertebral muscles?

Answer 32

1) external abdominal oblique 2) Internal abdominal oblique 3) Transversus Abdominis 4) Rectus Abdominis

Question 33

Origin and insertion for external abdominal oblique?

Answer 33

Origin: Lower 8 ribs by digitation Insertion: Linea alba, iliac crest to pubis

Question 34

what is formed by the free edge of the external abdominal oblique?

Answer 34

inguinal ligament

Question 35

Origin and Insertion for internal abdominal oblique?

Answer 35

Origin: Anterior Iliac crest, inguinal ligament and thoracolumbar fascia Insertion: Linea alba, lower 4 ribs (costal cartilage)

Question 36

what are the main actions of the obliques

Answer 36

- Rotation (External of one side with Internal of the other side) - Lateral flexion (External and Internal of the same side)

Question 37

Origin and Insertion of Transversus Abdominis

Answer 37

Origin: Iliac crest, inguinal ligament, thoracolumbar fascia Insertion: linea alba

Question 38

main action of transversus abdominis

Answer 38

stabilize spine, increase intra-abdominal pressure

Question 39

Origin and insertion of rectus abdominis

Answer 39

Origin: body of pubis and pubic symphysis insertion: costal cartilage of ribs 5,6,7, and xiphoid process

Question 40

rectus abdominis is divided by 3 tendinous inscriptions...what are they?

Answer 40

1) superiorly at xiphoid process 2) inferiorly at umbilicus 3) another one halfway between

Question 41

what is the main action of rectus abdominis?

Answer 41

trunk flexion

Question 42

what is the order from superficial to deep of the 3 lateral prevertebral muscles?

Answer 42

external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, transversus abdominis

Question 43

rectus sheath

Answer 43

sleeve of fascia formed by aponeurotic tendons of abdominals

Question 44

which of the prevertebral muscles is enclosed by the rectus sheath?

Answer 44

rectus abdominis

Question 45

what are the 5 main actions of the abdominals

Answer 45

1) flexion 2) lateral flexion 3) rotation 4) compression 5) Stabilization

Question 46

which abdominal muscles perform flexion

Answer 46

rectus abdominis (main), obliques (bilaterally)

Question 47

how is lateral flexion performed

Answer 47

action performed only if one side is activated

Question 48

which abdominal muscles perform rotation

Answer 48

obliques

Question 49

which abdominal muscles perform compression

Answer 49

transversus abdominis (main), all muscles

Question 50

which abdominal muscles perform stabilization

Answer 50

all

Question 51

which position puts the least stress of the discs in the vertebral column?

Answer 51

neutral position

Question 52

what are strong abdominals and erector spinae needed for?

Answer 52

trunk stabilization

Question 53

are partially bent leg, or straight leg sit ups better. why?

Answer 53

Partially bent because it targets the right muscles