Global Development

Question 1

Development

Answer 1

Process where a country changes or makes economic or social progress

Question 2

3 economic & social factors that improve people’s quality of life

Answer 2

Stable job, high income, stable housing arrangement
Education, recreation, community

Question 3

3 physical and psychological factors that improve people’s quality of life

Answer 3

Clean air, water supply, environmental hazards
Freedom and security

Question 4

3 economic & social factors that affect development

Answer 4

Income, cost of living, growth of economy
Education, recreation, healthcare

Question 5

2 technological and cultural factors that affect development

Answer 5

Electricity, internet access
Satisfaction, work-life balance

Question 6

Economic and social factor definitions

Answer 6

Factors concerning money and wealth
Factors concerning relationships and services for people

Question 7

Technological and cultural factor definitions

Answer 7

Factors concerning the use and advancement of tech
Factors concerning customs, traditions and lifestyle

Question 8

Food security statistic

Answer 8

In 2023, people across 59 countries faced high levels of food insecurity

Question 9

3 areas of food security and their definitions

Answer 9

Availability- Sufficient food available consistently
Access- sufficient resources to obtain nutritious food
Consumption- use based on knowledge of nutrition

Question 10

4 factors that affect food security

Answer 10

Climate, money, education, conflict

Question 11

6 development indicators

Answer 11

Gross domestic product
Birth rate
Death rate
Life expectancy
GINI coefficient
Political corruption

Question 12

Gross domestic product
Def?
As a country develops the gdp…?
Useful?

Answer 12

The amount of money produced by a country’s goods and services, divided by total pop
Increases
No, unequal distribution as it’s an average

Question 13

Birth rate
Def?
As country develops, birth rate..?
Useful?

Answer 13

No. of babies born per thousand people per year
Decreases
Yes, links to healthcare, education and women’s rights/equality

Question 14

Death rate
Def?
As country develops death rate?
Useful?

Answer 14

No. of people who die per thousand people per year
Decreases
Yes, healthcare is very important, affects many aspects of people’s lives

Question 15

Life expectancy
Def?
As country develops life expectancy?
Useful?

Answer 15

Average age a person will live to, from birth
Increases
Yes, includes healthcare, education, water & food supply

Question 16

GINI coefficient
Def?
What score is desired?
Useful?

Answer 16

Measure of distribution of income across pop, each country given a score
Low score of 0
Yes, represents equality of country, better idea of an individual’s life, easy to compare

Question 17

Political corruption
Def?
Graded from?
Useful?

Answer 17

Poor quality governments are often corrupted
‘highly corrupt’ to ‘very clean’
No, hard to judge corruption, could still develop with it

Question 18

HDI
Stands for?
Uses what factors?

Answer 18

Human development index
Life expectancy at birth
Mean years of schooling
Expected years of schooling for children
Gross national income (GNI) per capita

Question 19

4 causes of water insecurity?

Answer 19

Pollution, climate change, agriculture, pop growth

Question 20

Spatial variations

Answer 20

Differences in something on Earth’s surface e.g differences in wealth

Question 21

3 physical factors that have caused spatial variations in level of development
And explanation?

Answer 21

Climate-> moderate rainfall and temps, more stable food supply. Hot climates, droughts and some diseases
Natural hazards-> likely to occur in some countries, income needed for recovery
Landlocked countries-> harder to trade

Question 22

3 economic factors that have caused spatial variations in level of development
And explanation?

Answer 22

Trade-> Primary products in developing countries sell for less
Political corruption-> money spent poorly by politicians
Natural resources-> fossil fuels can generate high levels of income

Question 23

1 historic factor that has caused spatial variations in level of development
And explanation?

Answer 23

Colonies-> Colonies sent resources to coloniser, helping coloniser to develop, hinders colony develop

Question 24

GDHI
Stands for ?
Def?

Answer 24

Gross disposable household income
Amount of income households have for spending after taxes

Question 25

Core Def? Key point? Features?

Answer 25

Areas that develop faster due to human and physical advantages Experience greater growth, investment High literacy rates, high employment, more secondary and tertiary sectors

Question 26

Periphery Def? Key point? Features?

Answer 26

Areas on periphery of economic growth that lack human and physical advantages Lack investment Poor literacy rates, high unemployment, mostly primary sector (farming)

Question 27

2 physical factors that affect UK development? 1 historic factor affects UK development? 1 economic factor affects UK development?

Answer 27

Relief, location Politics Foreign investment

Question 28

Relief affecting UK development

Answer 28

South is flatter, easier to build on North more mountainous, harder to build on

Question 29

Loaction affecting UK development

Answer 29

South and East, closer to Europe, more appealing for businesses

Question 30

Politics affecting UK development

Answer 30

Government based in London, desirable for businesses to be close

Question 31

Foreign investment affecting UK development

Answer 31

Most in London, now encouraging firms to locate in other cities

Question 32

3 impacts of uneven development and a statistic for each

Answer 32

Informal settlements- around 25% of urban population live in them Food insecurity- In 2023, people across 59 countries faced high levels Healthcare- 4.9 million children under age of 5 died in 2022

Question 33

What is UNDP? What do they do? How do they help?

Answer 33

United Nations Development Programme Work to eradicate poverty, protect planet and develop strong policies Since programme, proportion of people living in extreme poverty halved

Question 34

Foreign exchange gap

Answer 34

Countries lack the money to pay for imports such as oil which are vital to development

Question 35

Savings gap

Answer 35

Population pressures and other factors prevent accumulation of enough capital to invest in industry and infrastructure

Question 36

Technical gap

Answer 36

Shortage of the skills needed for development

Question 37

5 Types of international aid?

Answer 37

Voluntary aid Official government aid (multilateral, bilateral) Emergency aid, development aid

Question 38

Voluntary aid Def? Example? Ads? Dis?

Answer 38

Money raised from donations and charities Oxfam Nothing given in return Relies on donations

Question 39

Multilateral aid Def? Example? Ads? Dis?

Answer 39

Developed countries giving money to international organisations the World Bank Multiple countries helped at once Loans paid back with interest

Question 40

Bilateral aid Def? Example? Ads? Dis?

Answer 40

Money given from one country to another India loaning money to Bhutan Both countries benefit (trade, alliance) Loans need to be paid back

Question 41

Emergency aid Def? Example? Ads? Dis?

Answer 41

Rapid assistance given to people in immediate distress War in Ukraine Helps countries quickly Only short term solution

Question 42

Development aid Def? Example? Ads? Dis?

Answer 42

Money given by richer countries to poorer countries to help their development USA to Indonesia Long term solution Expensive for HIC

Question 43

Fairtrade Def? Example? Ads? Dis?

Answer 43

Producers dealing directly with retailers Cadbury's is a fairtrade company Farmers treated fairly Good more expensive

Question 44

Debt relief Def? What organisation helps? Helped which countries?

Answer 44

Debts repayments can amount to a large part of a country's spending World Bank Afghanistan, Ethiopia

Question 45

Remittances Def? Importance?

Answer 45

International migrants sending money to family in their country of origin Important source of income for developing country

Question 46

TNC

Answer 46

Transnational corporation, a company that operates in multiple countries

Question 47

FDI

Answer 47

Foreign direct investment, investment into business interests in another country

Question 48

FDI linking to TNCs? Example?

Answer 48

FDI by TNCs is an example of top-down development Nike's factories in Bangladesh

Question 49

Microcredit? Example?

Answer 49

Granting small loans to businesses Grameen Bank in Bangladesh

Question 50

5 examples of top-down approaches to help development of a country

Answer 50

Multilateral aid, bilateral aid, debt relief, FDI, large scale projects (Madeira river project in South America)

Question 51

3 examples of bottom-up approaches to help development of a country

Answer 51

Voluntary aid, microcredit, small scale projects (Micro-hydro scheme in Peru)

Question 52

Micro-hydro scheme Where? Type? What? Ads? Dis?

Answer 52

Peru Bottom-up Generating power using affordable technology Ads- provides electricity for 30,000 people, saves ecosystems from being flooded Dis- Population pressures, only on a small scale

Question 53

Madeira river project Where? Type? What? Ads? Dis?

Answer 53

South America Top-down Multinational project to build four dams Ads- hydroelectric power is created, improves infrastructure Dis- Very expensive, flooding can damage ecosystems