global hazards

Question 1

what does weather mean

Answer 1

day to day conditions of atmosphere, involiving temperature, precipitation and wind.

Question 2

what does climate mean

Answer 2

average weather conditions recorded over a period for at least 30 years.

Question 3

what happens to temperature further away from equator

Answer 3

gets cooler

Question 4

what happens to temperatures closer to equator

Answer 4

gets warmer, closer to solar radiation

Question 5

why does coastline reduce temperature

Answer 5

sea winds

Question 6

what factors affect climate

Answer 6

latitude, altitude, wind ocean currennts, continentality

Question 7

atmosphere

Answer 7

air above us containing co2, o2, water vapour etc.

Question 8

circulation

Answer 8

circular air movements called cells that join together to form the overall circulation of the Earth’s atmosphere.

Question 9

what type of air pressure occurs when the air is sinking

Answer 9

high pressure

Question 10

what type of air pressure occurs when the air is rising

Answer 10

low pressure

Question 11

how does wind travel

Answer 11

direction of high air pressure to low air pressure, balancing out variations in air pressure which is why it has a direction.

Question 12

where does high pressure occur

Answer 12

dry stable conditions

Question 13

where does low pressure occur

Answer 13

wet unstable conditions

Question 14

why is there low air pressure on the equator

Answer 14

1. suns light concentrated over small area around equator
2. therefore thermal insolation greatest at equator
3. air therefore rises at equator creating low air pressure

Question 15

what does ITCZ stand for

Answer 15

Inter Tropical Convergence Zone

Question 16

how does the low pressure around equator create the ITCZ

Answer 16

low pressure characterized by heavy rain, thunderstorms as warm air can carry more moisture and rises to form clouds at the equator. this zone is called ITCZ

Question 17

how is the Hadley Cell formed

Answer 17

1. rising air from ITCZ moves laterally towards poles.
2. air eventually cools as recieves less thermal insolation and descends causing high pressure.
3. characterises dry conditions of areas such as sahara
4. falling air rushes to adjacent areas of low pressure such as equator to balance out air pressure, resulting in trade winds.
5. this circular process completes the Hadley Cell
6. repeats further north and south to form Ferrel and Polar cells

Question 18

natural hazard

Answer 18

extreme natural event or process that can lead to loss of life and or extreme damage to property and severely disrupts human activity.

Question 19

what type of cells are the hadley, ferrel and polar cell

Answer 19

convection cells

Question 20

what happens to the air at the equator

Answer 20

The Earth’s surface is warmed by the Sun at the equator and transmits this heat to the nearby air which gets hotter and rises. The rising, hot air forms a low-pressure belt. As the hot air rises, the air will begin to cool, with water vapour condensing, creating rain and clouds.
The rising air cools and moves away from the equator towards 30 degrees north and south.

Question 21

what happens at 30 degrees north and south

Answer 21

At 30 degrees north and south, the air is further from the equator and the cool air falls resulting in a high-pressure belt with minimal rainfall and no clouds.
When the cool air reaches the Earth’s surface, surface winds blow the cool air either towards the equator, or away from the equator towards the Poles

Question 22

what happens at 60 degrees north and south

Answer 22

At 60 degrees north and south, cold air blown from the poles meets warm air surface winds. Because the warmer air is less dense, it rises and forms a low-pressure belt.
The air splits, with some returning back towards the equator and the rest heading to the poles.

Question 23

what happens at the poles

Answer 23

At the North Pole and the South Pole, cool air will sink, forming a high-pressure belt.
This high-pressure belt will move back towards the Earth’s equator as a surface wind.

Question 24

global patterns of temperatures

Answer 24

average global temperature 20C-28C exreme countries away from equator 10C,-10C

Question 25

how does latitude affect temperatures

Answer 25

temperatures drom the further an area is from the curvature of earth as sun is at a lower angle and solar insolation has to pass through a larger layer of atmosphere, so more energy is lost and its colder

Question 26

factors that could influence temperature

Answer 26

albedo effect, cloud cover, winds, ocean currents, altitude

Question 27

why are there anomalously low temperatures north of india

Answer 27

himalayas makes air thinner

Question 28

jet streams

Answer 28

very strong winds high in atmosphere such as around mount everest

Question 29

tornadoes

Answer 29

strong rotating winds

Question 30

precipitation

Answer 30

any form of liquid or solid falling from sky.

Question 31

global patterbs if precipitation

Answer 31

heavy rainfall in band around equator, rain frequent in coastal areas, areas of high pressure and altitude

Question 32

3 types of rainfall

Answer 32

relief, frontal and convectional