Resource Reliance Flashcards
Where is Tanzania
East Africa
Capital of Tanzania
Dodoma
Tanzania : location
Tanzania is located on the eastern coast of Africa and has an Indian ocean coastline approximately 800 kilometres (500 mi) long. It borders Kenya and Uganda to the north ; Burundi, Rwanda and the DRC to the west ; and Zambia, Malawi and Mozambique to the south
Facts about Tanzania
population - 58.5 million with growth rate of 2.71%
GDP per capita - $3200 USD
45% of GDP made from agriculture
22.8% of people in poverty
Food inflation rate of 25.3% per year
25 million workers - 66% in agriculture
80% of livelihoods depend on agriculture
Median age - 18.2 life expectancy - 63.9
Urban population - 35.2%
1 million people food insecure - 42% of households have inadequate food
why are rural areas in tanzania food insecure
most people in those areas are poorer subsistance farmers
Crop yields in Tanzania
often low and unreliable, not enough money to invest, mechanise and buy chemicals.
Other reasons for low crop yields in Tanzania
Poor infrastructure, struggle accessing markets, vulnerable to unpredictable climate events such as droughts
GHI and child mortality in Tanzania
getting better but child mortality still high at 6%
Undernourishment in Tanzania
Very high, averaging about 35% whereas Africa averages 20% and rest of world averages 10%
Reasons for food insecurity in tanzania
weak rural to urban food supply linkage
cash crops are dominant
vulnerable to climate
farms small and less land can be cultivated
unclear ownership laws
no food processing businesses
Where and when was the goat aid project located at
Babati, Tanzania between 1999 and 2006
what type of project was Goat aid
bottom up project
Farm africa imported ________ goats to Tanzania as they produced _ litres of milk a day. Villagers were trained in how to ____ and ____ care for the goats and treat simple ________ diseases before the goats arrived. Each goat cost £ ____ and £________ was invested. The goats were given to small groups in villages on ________ so that the villagers would value them more.
Farm Africa imported Toggenburg goats to Tanzania as they produced 3 litres of milk a day. Villagers were trained in how to keep and care for the goats and treat simple diseases before the goats arrived. Each goat cost £400 and £200000 was invested. the goats were given to small groups on villages on credit, so that the villagers would value them more.
Advantages of Goat aid
goats provided 3 litres of milk, which could be drank or used to make food. The manure also let them grow crops, giving then a nutritious diet.
The money from selling crops, milks, yoghurts and cheeses could be used to send children to school, pay medical bills and repairs.
Disadvantages of Goat aid
Goats required water which was a scarce resource.
goats could damage land, leading to desertification
veterinary bills are very expensive
small scale projects have little impact on overall food security
Canada - Tanzania wheat programme
Tanzania relied on imports for 80% of wheat and 90% of maize between 1973 - 1974. Canada gave $95 million in aid between 1968-1993.
focused on Hanang plains with 17000 hectares converted for wheat production.
African Bush turned into Prairies like landscape.
Canadians helped with finance, assistance, advice and equipment
large scale project
Machinery imported from Canada, was first free but then Tanzania had to pay for it.
cost of tractor tyres for Tanzanians from canada
$300 to $1000 dollars each
positive impacts by canada tanzania wheat programme
provided 61% of Tanzania’s wheat
121 people trained in wheat production and 150 mechanics gained skills in maintaining farm machinery
Road, Rail and electricity connections improved
Tanzania was the only country not reliant on aid in its area during the 1992 droughts
negative impacts by canada tanzania wheat programme
Yields were low
cheaper to import wheat
biodiversity and soil fertility decreased
most tanzanians could not afford bread
Spare parts and fuel for tractors and combine harvesters were not affordable.
Only a few ( about 400) jobs were created
Food security got worse
What is SAGCOT?
Southern Agricultural Growth Corridor of Tanzania, 1/3rd of mainland Tanzania. Still in progress, started 2010, and aimed to finish in 2030. Govt and private businesses worked together to improve food security, reduce poverty, boost agricultural productivity and ensure environmental sustainability.
Why was this area chosen for SAGCOT
major river system, lots of rainfall and sun hours. River valleys flood and grow rice and sugar. Maize grows in the rolling plains. Highland areas to grow tea and coffee. International highways and big cities. International ports and airports.
SAGCOT hub and outgrower model
large commercial farm, sends electricity everywhere and storage facilities. Main road with roads feeding to large farm and local village. outgrowers and smaller farms connected to large farm.
Likely successes for SAGCOT
some farms produced 8 times the amount of rice
better prices and improved access to markets
more markets and factories built
increased output all round
created 1221 new jobs
grown from 20 - 115 partners
estimated $0.5bn USD invested
investments increased by 4.2%
16000 local farms using technology now
$33.95m USD revenue
likely limitations for SAGCOT
not all promised investment given
more benefits given to commercial farms
small landowners not given a say in decision making
nomadic tribes lost access to water for animals
small landowners lost land for bigger platforms
some places have less farming land
resource
A resource is any physical material constituting part of Earth that people need and value.
Natural Resource
naturally occurring substances or materials such as water or oil that are valued by humans.
examples of natural resources
Trees, Water, Oil, Bauxite, Gas, Coal, Solar Energy, Iron
supply
A stock of a resource from which a person or place can be provided with the necessary amount of that resource.
demand
Consumer willingness and ability to buy products
proportion of fossil fuels in energy consumption
81%
Amount of energy used during production and transport
27%
how much of the worlds GDP is spent on energy resources
15%
