Globalisation EQ2 Flashcards
(58 cards)
what is the silk road
an ancient trade route that brought goods to Europe from China. brought textiles, spices and cotton
what is the global shift in manufacturing
in the ancient world the majority of manufacturing was in the east in countries like India and south east Asia. this was transported to Europe using the silk road.
Manufacturing then shifted to Europe during the industrial revolution and because of mechanisation
however recently manufacturing has shifted back over to the east because of TNCs using outsourcing there due to products being cheaper to make
what 3 factors have helped accelerate the global shift
Open door policy
Outsourcing
FDI
What are the tiger economies
economies in Asia that has experienced huge economic growth
e.g Taiwan, Hong Cong, Singapore, South Korea
what is an example of a country that a shift to manufacturing has impacted
china “workshop of the world”
why has there been a shift to manufacturing in china
cost advantaged - low cost labour,
government policies - open door policy, lack of environmental regulations
skilled and readily available workforce
what are the positive impacts of the shift to manufacturing in china
-wage increases between 30-65%
-grow economy rapidly
-adopt management strategies of TNCs
-developments to infrastructure
-reduction in poverty
-improvement to education, healthcare
what are the negative impacts of the shift to manufacturing in china
-air pollution (reduce life expectancy by 2 years)
-risk of cancer and stroke from pollution
-loss of green space and farmland
water pollution (fertilisers, pesticides)
-water shortages
-increase of informal housing
-land degradation, deforestation
what is an example of a country that the shift to services has impacted
India (call centers)
why has there been a shift to services in India
such a large proportion of people in India speak English. Increases in companies outsourcing call centres.
what are the positive impacts of the shift to services in India
-people in call centres can earn a good middle class wage
-advances in infrastructure
-advances in transport
-encourage FDI
-economic diversification
-improved education
what are the negative impacts of the shift to services in India
-sometimes exploited in workplace by long 10 hour shifts 6 days a week
-highly repetitive work
-urban sprawl
-cramped living
-increased energy consumption
-deforestation
-increased waste
-pollution
-increased rural to urban migration
define deindustrialisation
the mass closure of industries in regions traditionally associated with secondary industrial production, also features high unemployment levels. Party due to a global shift in production from developed to developing nations
what does mothballed mean
if an organisation mothballs a factory, building ect, it closes it or does not use it for a long time but may open it or use it again in the future
what does liquidated mean
liquidation is the process of bringing a business to an end and distributing its assets to those who own it
describe the spiral of deline
an initial problem leads to declining standards then a population decline. This causes economic weakening and increased social problems which then leads back to another initial problem
what are the social impacts of the global shift on the UK
-less money in public services
-pressure on workers in LICs
-unemployment
-increased social inequality
-access to a wider range of products
what are the economic impacts of the global shift on the UK
-less FDI as manufacturing investors won’t invest
-new job opportunities (tech)
-reliance on a global supply chain
-more integrated into global market
what are the environmental impacts of the global shift on the UK
-increased consumption
-increased carbon footprint
-more pollution from containerisation
-more investment in renewable energy
-resource depletion and biodiversity loss
what is an example of a town in the UK that deindustrialisation has massively affected
Redcar in Yorkshire
context to Redcar deindustrialisation
steel works shut down after making steel for 160 years. Cheaper to outsource steel. 1700 jobs lost
what are the social impacts of deindustrialisation on Redcar
-vandalism
-lack of opportunities
-brain drain
-lack of education (higher)
-high crime rates
-depopulation
-dereliction
-many unskilled workers
what are the economic impacts of deindustrialisation on Redcar
-reduced tourism
-high unemployment
-lack of full time work (work 3/4 jobs)
-young people can’t get jobs (no qualifications)
as a result of the global shift what problems are caused in the developed world
-high unemployment
-crime
-depopulation
-dereliction
