Globalisation EQ2 Flashcards
(23 cards)
What is global shift?
The international relocation of different types of industrial activity (especially manufacturing) from Europe/North America to Asia/South America/Africa
What are economic impacts of global shift in China?
-Rising wages causes less poverty (88% in 1981 to 0.7% in 2018)
-Growth of the middle class so people work in manufacturing/service industries and earn 10-100$ per day
-People can afford phones, fridges, cars
What are economic impacts of global shift in India?
-Good middle class wages
-Increased profit for TNCs
-The gap between rich and poor has widened (many billionaires but 86.8 million in poverty)
What are social impacts of global shift in Ivory Coast?
-Health impacts (eg. toxic waste dumped by Trafigura, European TNC)
What are social impacts of global shift in India?
-Potential exploitation of workers
-Highly repetitive work and irregular nighttime hours (eg. call centres)
-Literacy issues
-Slums in Mumbai proposed to be replaced with high-rise buildings
What are social impacts of global shift in China?
-Improved education- 2900 universities
-Wintek workers poisoned by chemicals used to heat glass for touchscreen in iPhones
-Loss of recreational areas + older neighbourhoods as more high-rise developments
What are the environmental impacts of global shift in Togo/Nigeria?
-Rapid deforestation (due to TNCs, urbanisation and logging)- 60% of all forest in Togo lost
-Forests in Nigeria have halved in size
-Productive crop land ruined by over exploitation
What are the environmental impacts of global shift on Indonesia?
Deforestation by 13 million hectares for palm oil plantations
Huge fires which lead to loss of biodiversity and health impacts
(Indonesia’s government is slow and corrupt)
What are environmental impacts of global shift in Linfen and Beijing, China?
-Bad air pollution due to many factories and getting worse due to development
-Water and air poisoned
-Breathing the air in Linfen for a day is equivalent to smoking 3 packs of cigarettes
-Air pollution can kill more the 250,000 people in Beijing
What does the Clark-Fisher model show?
The trends of different sectors of employment over different periods of development
eg. tertiary increases over time, secondary peaks in industrial period, primary highest in pre-industrial
What are the economic impacts of deindustrialisation in Detroit?
High unemployment due to Ford and other automobile industries disappearing
-2019- unemployment was 8%
What are the social impacts of industrialisation in Detroit?
-Increased crime rate- rising gun/murder rates and more drug-related crime
-Depopulation from 2 million to 800000 with people moving away as they can’t live there
-Catastrophic collapse in house prices
What are the environmental impacts of global shift in deindustrialised areas eg. Detroit?
-Derelict and abandoned buildings broken down making brownfield sites
-Puts off investors from setting businesses up
What are impacts of deindustrialisation in Coventry?
The government stopped subsidising the car industry eg. Rolls Royce so 10000s jobs lost and businesses closed
-Polluted land and waterways
-Less money leading to worse quality of life and depopulation
What are positive impacts of global shift on deindustrialised regions?
-Less air pollution from manufacturing
-Switch to focus on tertiary or quarternary jobs so higher pay
-Regeneration eg. Canary Wharf
-Supply of relatively cheap goods abroad
Why are limits imposed on some goods?
-Shipping problems eg. Suez Canal
-COVID-19- excess money led to people buying more goods
-Labour Shortages (linked to migration limits)
-Politics
-‘Just in time’- firms only order goods when needed so increased pressure and strain on businesses
How do urban areas grow?
Due to natural increase and inward migration
What are causes for rural-urban migration?
Pull factors eg. jobs opportunities
Push factors eg. poverty, land reforms, resource scarcity
‘Shrinking world’- people in rural areas gain knowledge of the outside world through phones, TV etc. and improved transport links
What is a challenge that Lagos, Nigeria faces?
Slums, with 60% people living in them, no reliable access to clean water, and waste disposal and transport infrastructure are large problems
What makes a mega city sustainable?
-Good urban governance
-Taxes are collected and invested in city
-Resources provided to the population, with minimal environmental impact
-The population’s needs are met
What are environmental challenges in global cities?
-Water pollution
-Air pollution
-Smog
-High intensity rainfall + flooding
What are social challenges in global cities?
-Provision of adequate housing, healthcare and education
-Rapid migration
-Growth of extremists political movements
What is interdependence?
When two places become over reliant on each other
