Globalization - a boon or a bane ? Flashcards
1
Q
What is a global village ?
A
It is a phrase coined by Marshall McLuhan, a Canadian philosopher, to describe the way the globe has become a village as a result of the instantaneous movement of information. McLuhan thought that the enhanced speed news very rapidly leads them to become more involved with one another wherever they are.
2
Q
une expression inventée par…
A
a phrase coined by…
3
Q
une frontière
A
a border, a frontier
4
Q
un monde sans frontière
A
a borderless world
5
Q
l’économie mondiale
A
the global economy
6
Q
What is the World Trade Organization (or WTO ; in French, “OMC”) ?
A
It is an international organization designed by its founders to supervise and liberalize international trade. The organization was officially created on 1 January 1995, succeeding the 1947 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). It deals with the regulation of trade between its 153 members.
7
Q
le commerce, les échanges
A
trade
8
Q
le commerce extérieur
A
overseas trade
9
Q
le libre-échange
A
free trade
10
Q
un partisan du libre-échange
A
a free trader
11
Q
l’économie de marché
A
the free market, free-market economy
12
Q
un partisan du libéralisme
A
a free-marketeer
13
Q
le libéralisme
A
liberalism
14
Q
la libéralisation des échanges
A
the liberalisation of trade
15
Q
la déréglementation
A
deregulation
16
Q
déréglementer le transport aérien
A
to deregulation the airline industry
17
Q
Do you know what is The World Is Flat : A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century ?
A
The World Is Flat : A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century is a bestselling book published in 2005 by Thomas L. Friedman, an American journalist, about globalization. The title suggest the world is a level playing field in terms of trade, where all competitors have the same opportunities.
18
Q
une zone de libre-échange
A
a free trade area
19
Q
un partenaire commercial
A
a trading partner
20
Q
les chiffres du commerce extérieur
A
trade figures
21
Q
la balance commerciale
A
the balance of trade
22
Q
un excédent / un déficit commercial
A
a trade surplus / deficits
23
Q
la libre circulation des marchandises
A
the free flow of goods
24
Q
les flux de capitaux
A
capital flow
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la fuite de capital
flight of capital
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un paradis fiscal
a tax haven
27
What is the Internal Monetary Fund (IMF ; in French "FMI") ?
It is an international organization that oversees the global financial system by following the economic policies of its 158 members countries. It aims at fostering global monetary cooperation, securing financial stability, facilitating international trade, promoting high employment and sustainable economic growth, and fighting poverty. It also offers loans mainly to poorer countries.
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superviser
to oversee
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encourager
to foster
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un prêt
a loan
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les bienfaits et les dangers de la mondialisation
the benefits and pitfalls of globalization
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les avantages et les inconvénients de la mondialisation
the advantages and drawbacks / the pros and cons of globalization
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les arguments pour / contre la mondialisation
the case for / against globalization
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Tell me more about globalization
Globalization, in the sens of rapid integration of international markets for commodities, manufactured goods, labour and capital is not a new phenomenon. In the three decade before 1914, trade in goods reached as large a proportion of global output as in the past thirty years. In a world of less regulated borders, international migration was almost certainly larger relative to world population.
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se développer
to develop
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s'industrialiser
to industrialize
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la croissance économique
economic growth
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les pays riches
the rich world
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les pya du Nord, les pays développés
developed, industrialized countries
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les pays du Sud, les pays en voie de développement
developing, industrializing countries
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le Tiers Monde
the Third World
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un pays émergent
an emerging country
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les PMA, les pays les moins avancés
LDCs, least developed countries
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une économie émergente
an emerging economy
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la Chine et l'Inde
Chindia
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le commerce équitable
fair trade
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des objets artisanaux
handicrafts
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What does BRICS mean ?
BRICS is an acronym that refers to the major emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The acronym was coined in 2001 by Goldman Sachs, a US investment bank, which argued that by 2050, the combined economies of the BRICS members could eclipse the combined economies of the current richest countries of the world. The five countries currently account for about a third of the world's population and are all influential players on the international stage.
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représenter (chiffre, part...)
to account for
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un exportateur / un importateur
an exporter / an importer
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un pays exportateur de pétrole
an oil-exporting country
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le taux de change
the exchange rate
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pénétrer sur un marché
to break into a market
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s'emparer d'un marché
to corner, capture a market
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le protectionnisme
protectionism
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mesures / politiques protectionnistes
protectionist measures / policies
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les tarifs douaniers, les droits de douanes
tariffs
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les droits de douanes
customs duties
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les barrières douanières
trade barriers
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abaisser / supprimer les barrières
to lower / remove trade barriers
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une multinationale
a multinational (company)
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What does Alter-globalization (from the French "altermondialisme") mean ?
It is a social movement that supports global cooperation and interaction, but opposes the negative effects of economic globalization on environmental protection, economic justice, labour protection, indigenous cultures and human rights. Most members of this movement shun the label "anti-globalization" since they do not oppose economic globalization as such.
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rejeter
to shun
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en tant que tel
as such
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les délocalisations
outsourcing, offshoring, relocating
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délocaliser la production / des emplois
to outsource, relocation production / jobs
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implanter une usine
to set up a factory
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un fournisseur
a supplier
69
économies d'échelle
economies of scale
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une centre d'appels
a call center
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des emplois du secondaire
manufacturing jobs
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le tertiaire, les services
the service industries, the service sector
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profiter de la main-d'oeuvre bon marché
to take advantage of cheap labour
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le travail des enfants
child labour
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les conditions de travail
working conditions
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les normes en matière d'emploi / d'environnement
labour / environmental standards
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les coûts de production / salariaux
production / wage costs
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la concurrence
competition
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concurrence acharnée / déloyale
fierce / unfair competition
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le dumping
dumping
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vendre à perte
to trade at a loss
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un concurrent
a competitor
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compétitif
competitive
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la compétitivité
competitiveness
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être en concurrence avec des travailleurs peu payés
to compete with low-paid workers
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être à la traîne
to lag behind
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rattraper un concurrent
to catch up with a competitor
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se maintenir au même niveau qu'un concurrent
to keep up with a competitor
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le dumping social
social dumping
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une subvention
a subsidy
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subventionner
to subsidize
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l'américanisation
Americanization
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l'occidentalisation
Westernization
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l'uniformisation
standardization
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l'exception culturelle
cultural exception, cultural exemption
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What is "Cultural exception" ?
Cultural exception is a concept introduced by France in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) negociations in 1003. It states that cultural exports should be protected.
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un militan anti-mondialiste
an antiglobalization activist,
an antiglobalization protester ;
an antiglobalist
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l'altermondialisme
alter-globalization
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la démondialisation
deglobalization
100
une émeute
a riot
101
What is the Tobin tax ?
The Tobin tax is a tax on the trade currencies. It was thought up by the Nobel Prize winner James Tobin in the 1970s as a way of thwarting speculation and securing financial stability. This idea of such a tax was revived in the late 1990s by ATTAX, an anti-globalization organization.
102
ATTAC = ?
Association for the Taxation of financial Transactions for the Aid of Citizens
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contrecarrer
to thwart
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être remis à l'ordre du jour
to be revived
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un militant
an activist
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une monnaie forte
a hard currency
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une monnaie faible
a soft currency
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une multinationale
a multinational, an MNC
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une filiale
a subsidiary
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une montée du protectionnisme
a surge of protectionism
111
la fuite des cerveaux
brain drain
112
des pays où la main d'oeuvre est bon marché
cheaper labor-cost countries
113
la concurrence
competition
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la contrefaçon
counterfeiting ;
| piracy
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le "dégraissage" d'une entreprise
downsizing
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"boeuf aux hormones"
hormone-injected beef
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"la malbouffe"
junk food
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licenciements
layoffs
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licencier
to lay off ;
| to make sb redundant
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barrières non-tarifaires
NTBs
121
rachat d'une entreprise
takeover
122
les subventions, subventionner
subsidies, to subsidize
123
taxes douanières
tariffs ; duties
124
les barrières tarifaires
tariff barriers
125
balance commerciale
trade balance
126
accord commercial
trade agreement
127
bloc commercial
trade bloc
128
déséquilibre commercial
trade gape
129
représailles commerciales
trade retaliations
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négociations commerciales
trade talks
131
infraction commerciale
trade violation
132
guerre commerciale
trade war
133
concurrence déloyale
unfair competition
134
ASEAN
Association of South-East Asian Nations
135
APEC
Asia-Pacific Co-operation
136
ALENA
NAFTA
137
CARICOM
the Caribbean Islands Community
138
AELE
EFTA : European Free Trade Association
139
les NPI
the Newly Industrialized Countries
140
l'OPEP
OPEC
141
la CEI (Communauté des Etats Indépendants)
CIS
142
violer un embargo
to breach an embargo
143
combler un écart, un fossé
to bridge a gap
144
rattraper
to catch up
145
manifester
to demonstrate
146
être à la traîne
to lag
147
lever un embargo
to lift a ban, an embargo
148
délocaliser
to relocate
149
pénétrer un marché
to tap a marché
150
externaliser
to outsource
151
la relocalisation
the reshoring
152
relocaliser
to reshore
