Glomerular Filtration

Question 1

What is the main product of the blood filtering process?

Answer 1

Urine

Question 2

Where does each nephron start?

Answer 2

Glomerulus

Question 3

Which vessel gives of the afferent and efferents?

Answer 3

Arcuates

Question 4

T/F Arcuate arteries only supply one nephron

Answer 4

False

Question 5

What is the true first part of the nephron where plasma enters the filtration?

Answer 5

Bowman’s capsule

Question 6

What structures make up te Renal corpuscle?

Answer 6

Glomerulus and Bowman’s capsule

Question 7

List the 3 things that stay in the vasculature because they can’t pass through the glomerulus

Answer 7

• cells
• large proteins
• protein-bound molecules

Question 8

the 3 layers of the glomerulus are the ____________, ______________, and the _____________

Answer 8

capillary endothelium and basement membrane and podocytes

Question 9

What cells line the glomerulus?

Answer 9

Podocytes

Question 10

What type of junctions are found in the glomerular endothelium?

Answer 10

Tight junctions

Question 11

The fenestrations in endothelium are positively or negatively charged?

Answer 11

Negatively

Question 12

What is the main function of the glomerular basement membrane?

Answer 12

Restrict flow of water

Question 13

What part of the podocytes wrap around capillaries?

Answer 13

Foot processes

Question 14

Where does filtrate pass through in the podocytes?

Answer 14

Slit diaphragms

Question 15

How many barriers does filtrate has to pass through?

Answer 15

3

Question 16

What drives glomerular filtration?

Answer 16

• hydrostatic forces
• oncotic forces

Question 17

Define hydrostatic forces

Answer 17

physical pressure the fluid is under, fluid moves from high to low hydrostatic pressure

Question 18

Define oncotic forces

Answer 18

water drawn to solution with higher osmolarity to achieve equilibrium

• referring to proteins in plasma

Question 19

Which force pushes fluid out of glomerular capillaries?

Answer 19

Capillary hydrostatic pressure

Question 20

Which pressure is close to 0 and pulls fluid into Bowman’s capsule?

Answer 20

Oncotic pressure of Bowman’s space

Question 21

Hydrostatic pressure of bowman’s space and capillary oncotic pressure are forces associated to filtration by?

Answer 21

Opposing it

Question 22

The plasma flow into the renal tubules is the _______

Answer 22

GFR - glomerular filtration rate

Question 23

What is used to measure kidney function?

Answer 23

GFR

Question 24

The formula for GFR =

Answer 24

filtration coefficient x net filtration pressure

Question 25

Net filtration pressure is around ________ mm Hg in normal circumstances

Answer 25

10 mmHg

Question 26

Which determinant of GFR is a fixed value?

Answer 26

Filtration coefficient

Question 27

GFR/Renal plasma flow = ?

Answer 27

Filtration factor

Question 28

Renal plasma flow is?

Answer 28

What physically goes into the glomerulus; usually 5x the GFR

Question 29

If renal plasma flow increases, then Filtration decreases or increases?

Answer 29

Decreases, blood is flowing faster

Question 30

Changes in capillary hydrostatic pressure and renal plasma flow will help the kidney do what?

Answer 30

Maintain or alter GFR

Question 31

- alterations of basement membrane - hypotension - increased plasma protein - urinary obstruction All of these will do what to GFR?

Answer 31

Decrease

Question 32

You calculate ___________________ to measure kidney health (GFR)

Answer 32

clearance of a molecule

Question 33

Which substance is the ideal substance to calculate GFR?

Answer 33

Inulin

Question 34

What substance is clinically used to calculate GFR?

Answer 34

Creatinine - due to uremic toxins

Question 35

GFR is maintained constant by altering _______ and _______________/

Answer 35

BP and speed of blood flow