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Wildlife, Ecology and Conservation > Glossary > Flashcards

Glossary Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

Abiotic event

A

A physical event rather than a biological one that isn’t derived from living organisms

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2
Q

Acoustic monitoring

A

A technique used to study animal populations and ecosystems through sound recordings

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3
Q

Aerial surveying

A

A technique used to monitor wildlife populations and habitats from the air, typically using aircraft, drones or satellites

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4
Q

Biotic event

A

An event relating to or resulting from living organisms

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5
Q

Boom

A

When a population regularly increases in size

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6
Q

Bust

A

When a population regularly decreases in size

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7
Q

Camera traps

A

Motion-activated cameras used to capture images of wildlife, without direct human interference

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8
Q

Carrying capacity equilibrium

A

The number of animals that can be supported in a given area without degrading the environment for present or future generations

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9
Q

Climate change

A

A long-term change in the average weather patterns that have come to define Earth’s climates

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10
Q

Community

A

A group of populations made up of different species occupying a shared environment

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11
Q

Continuity of time

A

A habitat or population with a long uninterrupted presence

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12
Q

Convergent evolution

A

The process by which unrelated organisms evolve similar physical characteristics

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13
Q

Cryopreservation

A

The storing of seeds, pollen, tissue or embryos in liquid nitrogen

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14
Q

Cultivation collections

A

Plants in a horticulturally cared-for setting

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15
Q

Demes

A

A subdivision of a population consisting of closely related animals/plants

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16
Q

Direct observation

A

A method where researchers visually monitor animals in their natural habitats without interference

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17
Q

Dispersal

A

Movement from the birthing site to a breeding site or the movement from one breeding site to another

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18
Q

Dissolution

A

When breeding pair or a group of animals no longer interact with each other

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19
Q

Divergent evolution

A

The process where members of a species become more and more different eventually resulting in two new species

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20
Q

Drought

A

A period where below average precipitation affects the amount of moisture in the soil as well as the amount of water in lakes, rivers and streams

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21
Q

Ecological niches

A

A term used to describe the role a species plays in an ecosystem

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22
Q

Ecosystems

A

A system that environments and their organisms form through their interaction
All components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows

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23
Q

Emerging diseases

A

A new or increasing illness or infection in a new area

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24
Q

Ex-situ strategies

A

Conservation that takes place outside of the animal’s natural habitat

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25
Extinction
The dying out or extermination of a species
26
Famine
A situation in which there is not enough food for a great number of individuals which causes malnutrition and a high mortality rate due to starvation
27
Fauna
Animal life
28
Fecundity
The fertility within a population and its ability to create an abundance of offspring
29
Field gene banking
A large scale open air planting is used to preserve the genetic variety of wild, agriculture or forestry plants
30
Flora
Plant life
31
Food web
A complex network of interconnecting and interlapping food chains showing feeding relationships within a community
32
Genetic variability
The likelihood of different genetic characteristics existing within a population
33
Growth
The increase in a number of individuals in a population
34
Habitat destruction
The physical removal or vandalism of a habitat
35
Influence of man
Humans having the power to have an effect on global ecosystems
36
In-situ strategies
Conservation that takes place within the animal's natural habitat
37
Inter-situ
Plants are cared for by horticulturalists but the setting is kept as close to natural as possible
38
Invasive species
An organism that is not indigenous to a particular area that causes great economic and environment harm to a new area
39
Kick sampling
A method used in freshwater surveys to collect aquatic invertebrates from rivers and streams
40
Light traps
A method used to attract and capture flying insects particularly moths for research and conservation purposes
41
Marking and recapturing
A method used to to estimate population sizes of animals that are difficult to count directly
42
Metapopulations
A group of populations separated by space but consist of the same species
43
Migration
The movement of an individual or a group of individuals from one habitat to another across a large distance
44
Mortality
Death rate, measured by the number of deaths due to a specific cause
45
Natality
The birth rate of a population in comparison to the size of the population
46
Parallel evolution
The process by which a similar trait develops in related but distinct species
47
Pitfall traps
A simple but effective method used to capture ground-dwelling insects and small invertebrates
48
Population dynamic
The measurement of the size of the population over time and the factors that can be considered that cause changes to occur
49
Population shift
A change in the relative numbers of the different groups of individuals making up a population
50
Resources
Physical items a living organism needs to survive
51
Scale
A term used to describe the size of an ecosystem
52
Seasonality
A characteristic of time in which there are regular and predictable changes that repeat over a one year period
53
Seed banking
Seeds are kept in a temperature and humidity controlled environment
54
Selection pressures
Something that causes the adaptation to occur Environmental factors that influence which traits become more common or rare within a population, driving evolutionary change
55
Speciation
How a new kind of plant or animal is created It occurs when a group within a species separates from other members of its species and develops its own unique characteristics
56
Spraint surveying
A technique used to study otter populations by analysing their droppings
57
Stochastic event
An unpredictable or random event that occurs in an ecosystem which can cause changes in populations and communities
58
Sweep netting
A technique used to collect insects and other small arthropods from vegetation
59
Tissue culture
In vitro storage of somatic tissue is possible for brief periods Carried out in a light and temperature controlled environment that controls cell development
60
Track and sign surveying
A technique used to identify and study animals based on the traces they leave behind
61
Transect and quadrats surveying
Two widely used methods in wildlife and ecological studies to estimate species abundance and distribution
62
Trophic structures
A system or organisation of organisms into different trophic levels based on the amount of energy the organism consumes
63
Wildlife survey
A scientific method used to collect data about wildlife populations, their habitats and behaviours

Wildlife, Ecology and Conservation (16 decks)

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