Glossary E

Question 1

plant communities that first develop followinfg disturbance. Succession is the replacement of one plant community by another

Answer 1

early-successional plant communities

Question 2

portion of an annual ring formed during the spring, characterized by large cells and thin walls, often lighter in color. Also called springwood. Contrast with latewood.

Answer 2

earlywood

Question 3

drill bit with a wide, threaded shank used for drilling holes in the ground. See soil auger

Answer 3

earth auger

Question 4

legal interest in real property that conveys use or partial use, but not ownership, of a portion of an owner’s property

Answer 4

easement

Question 5

the study of the relationships between organisms and other living and non-living elements of their environment..

Answer 5

ecology

Question 6

pest population or plant damage level at which the cost of inaction is less than the cost of action (see action threshold).

Answer 6

economic threshold

Question 7

complex system of living organisms and their abiotic environment

Answer 7

ecosystem

Question 8

the benefits people obtain from ecosystems

Answer 8

ecosystem services

Question 9

type of mycorrhizae that grow between the cortical or epidermal cells of absorbing roots, forming an outer sheath around the root. See mycorrhizae. Contrast with endomycorrhizae

Answer 9

ectomycorrhizae

Question 10

watery swelling in plant tissue

Answer 10

edema

Question 11

EHS cable

Answer 11

extra-high-strength cable

Question 12

conductors used to transmit electric energy and their necessary supporting or containing structures.

Answer 12

electric supply lines

Question 13

corporation, person, agency, authority, or other legal entity or instrumentality aligned with distribution facilities for delivery of electric energy for use primarily by the public

Answer 13

electric utility

Question 14

any object, material, or medium through which an electrical current can flow. Electric supply lines are designed as electrical conductors; however, guy wires, communication cables, tools, equipment, vehicles, humans, animals, and other items can function as electrical conductors.

Answer 14

electrical conductor

Question 15

amount of electricity passing through an electrical conductor. Measured in amps

Answer 15

electrical current

Question 16

difference in electric charge between an energized conductor and the ground or other object. Measured in volts.

Answer 16

electrical potential

Question 17

relative opposition of an object, material, or medium to the flow of electrical current. Measured in ohms. Material such as copper has low resistance and is therefore a good conductor; material such as glass has high resistance and is therefore a good insulator.

Answer 17

electrical resistance

Question 18

unintended redirection of electrical current to ground, interrupting the flow of electricity. If the path of an electrical short runs through a person, severe injury or death may result

Answer 18

electrical short

Question 19

aerial platforms used on work sites in place of ladders and tower scaffolds

Answer 19

elevating work platform (EWP)

Question 20

air bubbles in the xylem typically entering during periods of drought or injury.

Answer 20

embolism

Question 21

rudimentary plant in the seed before it starts a period of rapid growth….

Answer 21

embryo

Question 22

holes in the bark created by insects leaving the plant to complete their life-cycle. Also called exit holes.

Answer 22

emergence holes

Question 23

emergency response predetermined set of procedures by which emergency situations are assessed and handled

Answer 23

emergency response

Question 24

knots tied at the end of a line (such as a bowline or clove hitch).

Answer 24

endline knots

Question 25

loop created in the end of a rope by forming any of numerous knots.

Answer 25

endline loop

Question 26

type of mycorrhizae that grow within root cells. See mycorrhizae. Contrast with ectomycorrhizae

Answer 26

endomycorrhizae

Question 27

electrical conductor through which electrical current is flowing and is thus energized. This may be intended and expected or the unintended and unexpected result of an electrical short

Answer 27

energized conductor

Question 28

potential to do work

Answer 28

energy

Question 29

material used as a construction base that is different from the surrounding soil profile and has a known compaction rate or load-bearing capacity.

Answer 29

engineered fill

Question 30

term describing a leaf margin without teeth

Answer 30

entire

Question 31

shoot arising from a latent or adventitious bud (growth point)

Answer 31

epicormic shoot

Question 32

outer tissue of leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and seeds

Answer 32

epidermis

Question 33

downward curling of the leaf blade resulting from more rapid cell growth on the upper side of the petiole than on the lower side. Often a symptom of plant disease. Distortion of growth, often caused by certain types of herbicides.

Answer 33

epinasty

Question 34

nonparasitic plant that uses another plant as a host for mechanical support only but does not derive nutrients or water from it. Contrast with parasite and saprophyte.

Answer 34

epiphyte

Question 35

total removal of a species from a particular area. May refer to pathogens or insect pests or to unwanted plants.

Answer 35

eradication

Question 36

mites in the family Eriophyidae. Often even smaller than other mites and requiring higher magnification to see. Often associated with leaf galls (see mites).

Answer 36

eriophyid mites

Question 37

the wearing away of the land by the movement of water, wind, or ice

Answer 37

erosion

Question 38

in felling operations, direction for chain saw operator to move while tree is falling. Generally 45 degrees on either side of a line drawn opposite the intended direction of fall.

Answer 38

escape route

Question 39

(1) (noun) specialized technique of pruning and training plants to grow within a plane, such as along a wall or a fence. (2) (noun) a plant trained in that manner. (3) (verb) to train plants in that manner.

Answer 39

espalier

Question 40

17 minerals essential to the growth and development of trees. These minerals are essential because plants cannot complete their life cycle without them. See macronutrient, micronutrient, and primary elements.

Answer 40

essential elements

Question 41

to grow, or cause a plant ot grow, successfully in a new place. In forestry, may refer to initial planting and care; in landscaping, may refer to care after planting until the plant is growing successfully.

Answer 41

establish

Question 42

plant growth regulator used to promote fruit ripening. Also stimulates latex flow in rubber trees.

Answer 42

ethephon

Question 43

gaseous plant hormone that triggers fruit ripening and plant senescence

Answer 43

ethylene

Question 44

loss of water by evaporation from the soil surface and transpiration by plants.

Answer 44

evapotranspiration (ET)

Question 45

tree or other plant that does not shed all of its foliage annually. Contrast with deciduous..

Answer 45

evergreen

Question 46

growth habit characterized by a central leader and a pyramidal crown. Contrast with decurrent

Answer 46

excurrent tree

Question 47

peeling off in shreds or layers. Usually refers to bark.

Answer 47

exfoliating

Question 48

not native or indigenous to a region. May be invasive. Contrast with introduced species, native species, and naturalized species.

Answer 48

exotic species

Question 49

ability of a root to resume its original direction of growth after being deflected by an object

Answer 49

exotropy

Question 50

type of 7-strand steel cable, often used to cable trees. Stronger but less flexible than common-grade cable. Must be terminated with dead-end tree grips.

Answer 50

extra-high-strength (EHS) cable

Question 51

oozing from pores or breaks in cell membranes.

Answer 51

exudation

Question 52

cable anchor with a closed eye, usually machine threaded. Only drop-forged eye bolts are accepted and approved for tree support systems in the United States

Answer 52

eye bolt

Question 53

(1) in cabling, a closed termination loop, hand formed in common-grade cable by wrapping the successive strands back upon the standing part to attach the cable to anchor hardware. (2) a splice that forms a closed eye or loop.

Answer 53

eye splice

Question 54

length of rope that has been spliced back upon itself to form an eye in the end

Answer 54

eye-spliced rope

Question 55

sling (usually a length of spliced rope) with an eye at each end. Also called eye-and-eye sling

Answer 55

eye-to-eye sling