Glossary F

Question 1

notch cut used to help control the direction of fall of trees or branches being removed

Answer 1

face cut

Question 2

wedge-shaped cut forming the front of the hinge. Used to help control the direction of fall of trees or branches being removed. Scarf cut.

Answer 2

Face notch

Question 3

in utility systems, structure or equipment used to deliver or provide protection for the delivery of an essential service, such as electricity or communication.

Answer 3

facility (facilities)

Question 4

in tree risk assessment, the professional assessment of the likelihood for a tree or tree part to fail within a defined period of time.

Answer 4

Failure potential

Question 5

part of the rigging line from the rigging point to the anchor point. Contrast with lead.

Answer 5

Fall

Question 6

equipment and techniques designed to ensure a climber will not fall from a tree or an aerial lift.

Answer 6

Fall protection

Question 7

a fully-body harness with a dorsal or sternal attachment, equipped with a shock-absorbing lanyard, designed to absorb the shock of a fall, reducing the forces exerted on the body. A fall arresst system is used only in the event of a fall and is not designed for work positioning.

Answer 7

fall-arrest harness

Question 8

device installed in a tree to hold and direct ropes during climbing or rigging because there is not a suitable natural crotch available, or to protect an available crotch, and/or to reduce wear on ropes.

Answer 8

false crotch

Question 9

taxonomic group under the order level and above the genus level.

Answer 9

family

Question 10

portion of a pine tree which secures the needles together in characteristic clusters of 2, 3, or 5.

Answer 10

fascicle sheath

Question 11

high-priority electric distribution supply line, generally 12,000 to 34,500 volts, that carries electricity from distribution substations to other primary distribution supply lines or distribution transformers.

Answer 11

feeder (distribution feeder)

Question 12

dropping or cutting down a tree.

Answer 12

felling

Question 13

a metal or plastic wedge inserted into the backcut to help direct the path in which a tree or tree part falls.

Answer 13

felling wedge

Question 14

(1) incomplete path of respiration in the absence of sufficient oxygen. (2) the conversion of sugars to alcohol and other metabolites by the action of microorganisms that may invade a tree’s vascular system.

Answer 14

fermentation

Question 15

application of essential elements to a plant, usually through the soil

Answer 15

fertilization

Question 16

substance added to a plant or the surrounding soil to supplement the supply of essential elements

Answer 16

fertilizer

Question 17

percentage of primary elements [nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K)] in a fertilizer

Answer 17

fertilizer analysis

Question 18

fertilizer (fertiliser, in British English) burn injury to a plant resulting from excess fertilizer salts in the surrounding soil.

Answer 18

fertilizer burn

Question 19

lowest common denominator (sometimes rounded) for the percentage of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in a fertilizer.

Answer 19

fertilizer ratio

Question 20

(1) elongated, tapering, thick-walled cell that provides strength to wood. (2) smallest component of a rope

Answer 20

fiber

Question 21

maximum soil moisture content following the drainage of water due to the force of gravity. Compare to available water, gravitational water, permanent wilting point, and saturation point

Answer 21

field capacity

Question 22

a reference with identification information and other pertinent information that includes but is not limited to range, growing conditions, life cycle, cultural needs, and distinguishing traits or characteristics.

Answer 22

field guide

Question 23

metal device used to provide friction on a rope in climbing or very light rigging. See descender.

Answer 23

figure-8 descender

Question 24

particular knot tied as a safety knot or stopper knot at the end of a line

Answer 24

figure-8 knot

Question 25

emergency care or treatment of the injuries or illnesses of a person to stabilize his or her condition before medical help is available

Answer 25

first aid

Question 26

rigging technique in which the load line is run through several rigging points below the load.

Answer 26

fishing-pole technique

Question 27

webbing or rope sling consisting of a complete, closed loop

Answer 27

fixed loop

Question 28

short sling with an eye spliced in one end. Also called dead-eye sling

Answer 28

fixed-eye sling

Question 29

sling used in balancing limbs for removal that is not adjustable in length. See balancer.

Answer 29

fixed-length balancer

Question 30

symptom in which leaves on a branch wilt and may ultimately turn brown without falling from the shoot. (2) growth form of trees growing in strong winds, characterized by the branches growing toward the downwind side. (3) colored tape used to mark trees or surveying points.

Answer 30

flagging

Question 31

in utility arboriculture, mowing machines designed to cut vegetation with a moving blade, chain, or other cutting device.

Answer 31

flail-type cutters

Question 32

tree climbing lanyard, with or without a wire core, usually with a snap or carabiner at one end and an eye at the other end. Used for ascending trees when using spikes, for work positioning, and as a second means of life support when using a chain saw in a tree.

Answer 32

flip line

Question 33

anchor point in a rigging system that can be moved anywhere between two points

Answer 33

floating anchor

Question 34

false crotch installed on an ascent line anchored high in a tree.

Answer 34

floating false crotch

Question 35

organ of sexual reproduction in angiosperms.

Answer 35

flower

Question 36

pruning cut through and/or removing the branch collar, causing unnecessary injury to the trunk or parent stem..

Answer 36

flush cut

Question 37

leaves of a plant

Answer 37

foliage

Question 38

laboratory analysis of the mineral content of foliage.

Answer 38

foliar analysis

Question 39

applying a fertilizer, pesticide, or other substance directly to the foliage

Answer 39

foliar application

Question 40

a complex network of interconnected food chains in an ecosystem

Answer 40

food web

Question 41

method of ascending a rope by wrapping the rope around the feet. See secured footlock

Answer 41

footlock (footlocking)

Question 42

any action or influence causing an object to accelerate/decelerate. Calculated as mass multiplied by acceleration. Is a vector quantity

Answer 42

force

Question 43

management of forests, using silvicultural treatments, to provide a variety of forest benefits including timber, aesthetics, wildlife habitat, and/or recreational opportunities

Answer 43

forestry

Question 44

group of plants within a species having distinct variations that occur sporadically and naturally.

Answer 44

forma

Question 45

fecal material and/or wood shavings produced by insects

Answer 45

frass

Question 46

climbing a tree without being secured by a climbing rope

Answer 46

free climb

Question 47

type of friction hitch used in climbing and rigging

Answer 47

French Prusik

Question 48

specific type of force that resists the relative motion between two objects in contact. The direction is always opposite the motion

Answer 48

friction

Question 49

device used to take wraps in a load line to provide friction for controlled lowering or climbing

Answer 49

friction device

Question 50

any of numerous knots used in tree climbing or rigging that may alternately slide along and then grip a rope.

Answer 50

friction hitch

Question 51

specific type of false crotch used for climbing trees; two rings connected by a strap

Answer 51

friction saver

Question 52

a method of herbicide application where tools are used to remove bark of target woody plants, and herbicide is applied ot the wounds

Answer 52

frilling

Question 53

large, divided leaf structures found in palms and ferns

Answer 53

fronds

Question 54

vertical split in the wood of a tree, generally near the base of the bole, caused by internal stresses and low temperatures. Radial shake.

Answer 54

frost crack

Question 55

structure formed from the ovule of a flower; contains the seeds

Answer 55

fruit

Question 56

reproductive structure of a fungus. The presence of certain species may indicate decay in a tree. See conk

Answer 56

fruiting body

Question 57

in landscape design, the set of goals pertaining to the future needs and practical purpose of the site.

Answer 57

functional goals

Question 58

value of the environmental, aesthetical, or architectural functions of a plant

Answer 58

functional value

Question 59

chemical compounds that are toxic to fungi

Answer 59

fungicides

Question 60

group of organisms from the kingdom Fungi, including yeasts, molds, mushrooms, and smuts. Typically multicellular, saprophytic, or parasitic and lacking vascular tissue and chlorophyll. Reproduces by spores borne in fruiting bodies.

Answer 60

fungus (pl. fungi)

Question 61

devices on electrical conductors that protect electrical systems by interrupting current in response to sudden increases in current caused by electrical shorts or overloads

Answer 61

fuses